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Jujubinus inopinatus Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C964DC4E-B3DB-443F-9FA6-A680933ADF98SSH XVIII – Fig. 8G–IDiagnosisShell of medium size for the ge…

Jujubinus inopinatus Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C964DC4E-B3DB-443F-9FA6-A680933ADF98SSH XVIII – Fig. 8G–IDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, solid, slender, 5 spaced and elevated spiral cords, broad interspaces with fine prosocline lamellae and growth lines, peripheral cord evident, high height/width ratio.EtymologyThe name inopinatus is from the Latin: ‘unexpected’.Type materialHolotype SICILY • lv; San Vito Lo Capo (type locality); used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2000-40313 (ex BAU1680).Other material examinedITALY • 1 dd; Napoli; labelled “Nap!”; MCZR-M-00092.Description (in parentheses data of the holotype)SHELL. Shell of medium size for the genus, height 9.0–9.1 (9) mm, width 5.7–6.0 (5.7) mm, height/width ratio 1.51–1.58 (1.58). Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl, ca 0.29 mm in width. Teleoconch of 6.5–7.5 (7.5) slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 5 not very strong and not granulose spiral cords of about the same strength and regularly spaced, including the 2 peripheral ones, forming the broad peripheral cord; well-marked suture. Interspaces with fine and dense prosocline lamellae regularly set. Base convex, with 5–6 concentric black and white spiral cords regularly spaced, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls glossy pinkish with whitish blotches, with spiral cords articulated in black and white.SOFT PARTS. Not known.DistributionSpecies currently known only from the type locality, San Vito Lo Capo, Sicily, and Gulf of Naples, Italy: the holotype has been collected at unprecised depth, but in very shallow waters.RemarksJujubinus inopinatus sp. nov. is currently known from only two specimens. It is very similar to J. angustibasis sp. nov., but the molecular analysis (on the holotype) warrants very confidently the separation. The paratype was found in the Monterosato collection (MCZR-M-11760) and it is almost identical in shape and colouration to the holotype; it is possible that other specimens exist in public or private collections, misidentified as ‘ J. striatus ’ (with reference to J. angustibasis). It differs from J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae in the lack of tubercles on the spiral cords; from J. gravinae, J. dianiensis sp. nov. and J. vexationis in the absence of tubercles or undulations on the peripheral cord; from J. striatus in its more slender outline and in the more spaced spiral cords and finer basal cords; from J. elenchoides in its smaller size and the fewer spiral cords; from J. superum sp. nov. and J. kyrnos sp. nov., in its larger size and the reddish colour (absent in the other two species); from J. depictus, J. sartorii, J. fraterculus, J. gofasi sp. nov. and J. smaragdinus in its weaker sculpture with finer prosocline lamellae in the interspaces; from J. ruscurianus in the more slender outline and the fewer, more spaced and less marked spiral cords; from J. vulgaris in the more numerous spiral cords (5 vs normally 3 in J. vulgaris) with narrower interspaces.

Jujubinus ruscurianus (Weinkauff, 1868)SSH XV – Fig. 7V–XTrochus ruscurianus Weinkauff, 1868: 367.Jujubinus guanchus Curini-Galletti, 1985: 139, figs 5–11.DiagnosisShell of medium si…

Jujubinus ruscurianus (Weinkauff, 1868)SSH XV – Fig. 7V–XTrochus ruscurianus Weinkauff, 1868: 367.Jujubinus guanchus Curini-Galletti, 1985: 139, figs 5–11.DiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, rather solid, 4–5 spaced spiral cords, elevated, broad interspaces with thick prosocline lamellae and growth lines, peripheral cord evident, high height/width ratio, colour red.Type materialSyntypes of Trochus ruscurianus Weinkauff, 1868 ALGERIA • 3 dd; Algier (type locality); MCZR-M-11780/S, ex Weinkauff.Holotype of Jujubinus guanchus Curini-Galletti, 1985 CANARY ISLANDS • dd; Lanzarote Is., harbour of Arrecife (type locality); 28°57′ N, 13°32′ W; USNM 784714.Paratypes of Jujubinus guanchus Curini-Galletti, 1985 CANARY ISLANDS • 1 dd; same data as for holotype; USNM 784715 (paratype D) • 2 dd; same data as for holotype; RBINS 388-26439 (paratypes A, C).Other paratypes in the collections G.T. Poppe (Mactan) and M. Curini-Galletti (Sassari).Other material examinedALGERIA • 3 dd; Oran; labelled “ Calliostoma ruscurianus Weinkauff. Oran, récoltes Paul Pallary”; MCZR-M-11780 • 2 dd; Oran; ex Pallary collection; MCZR-M-11779 • 14 dd; Alger; labelled “ Porto di Algeri (Lhotellier)” ex Pallary collection; MCZR-M-11780 • 4 dd; Alger; labelled “ Troruscurianus Weink-Algieri”; MCZR-M-11780 • 1 dd; Alger; labelled “ T. ruscurianus, Alger! Weink.”; MCZR-M-11780.CANARY ISLANDS • 1 lv; Lanzarote I., Puerto del Carmen, Playa de Matagorda; 28°55′55.59″ N, 13°36′46.62″ W; used for DNA sequencing, corresponding to J. guanchus; BAU 3771 – 3773 • 4 dd; Lanzarote Is., Arrecife; 2 m depth; MO.MOROCCO • 100 dd; Al Hoceima; beached; young and adult shells; CS-PM • 1 dd; Ceuta; beached; CS-PM • 4 lv; Torres de Alcalá, Cala Iris; 1–4 m depth; on brown algae; LT.SPAIN • 3 dd; Getares, Punta Carnero; beached; CS-PM • 51 dd; Algeciras, Getares; 20 m depth; washing of algae; LT • 6 lv; Getares, 4 km S of Algeciras; 20 m depth; washing of algae; LT • dd; Málaga; 25 m depth; CS-PM • 1 dd; Málaga; 2 m depth; CS-PM • 3 dd; Murcia, Águilas; MO • 3 dd; Málaga; 3 m depth; CS-PM • 2 dd; Cadiz; 2 m depth; CS-PM • 1 lv; Málaga; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2076 • 5 lv; Málaga, Benalmádena; 36°35.3′ N, 4°31.7′ W; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2664.1 to 2664.5 • 1 lv; Playazo de Rodalquilar; 36°51′ 28″ N, 2°00′ 06″ W; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2858.1.DescriptionSHELL. Shell of medium size for the genus, height 4.3–5.7 mm, width 3.7–4.7 mm, height/width ratio 1.16–1.30, conical, shiny in type material. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl 0.26–0.27 mm in width. Teleoconch of 5.5–6.0 slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 5–6 spaced abapical spiral cords, smooth, of about the same strength, including the 2–3 peripheral ones forming the peripheral cord, and 7–8 regularly spaced, basal spiral flat cords. Suture incised. Teleoconch surface covered by thick, yet barely visible prosocline growth lamellae, irregular set. Base convex and rounded, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the lower portion. Interior of the aperture greenish whitish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls whitish reddish or pinkish, remaining whorls and base bright reddish whitish or creamy white; spiral cords with alternating flammules, cream or reddish or yellowish, with yellow stripes in the interspaces. Sutural and peripheral cord articulated in red and cream or white.SOFT PARTS. Observed in alcohol preserved specimens, no dark terminal strip is present on the creamy band of the snout.DistributionWestern Mediterranean, Alboran Sea until Almería, southern Spain and Algeria (Weinkauff 1867; Curini- Galleti & Palazzi 1980; Curini-Galletti 1982b; Sánchez-Moyano et al. 2000); living specimens at depths of 1– 20 m. In the neighbouring Atlantic from the Berlenga Islands and South Portugal to Morocco. Canary Islands (Pallary 1920; Cretella 1993; Gofas et al. 2011; Alf et al. 2020) probably referring to the morphotype described as J. guanchus.RemarksThis is a morphologically very characteristic and common species in the western Mediterranean and neighbouring Atlantic. Morphologically, it can be diagnosed from J. exasperatus, J. pseudogravinae, J. gravinae, J. errinae and J. vexationis by the lack of tubercles or undulations on sutural cords and basal cords and for the strong spiral cords regularly spaced by deep interspaces. It differs from J. striatus, J. depictus, J. fraterculus, J. superum sp. nov., J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. kyrnos sp. nov., J. sartorii, J. smaragdinus, J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. gofasi sp. nov., and J. superum in the less marked sculpture with apparently smooth interspaces due to the very weak prosocline growth lines. The specimens in the Monterosato collection, with the label autograph by Weinkauff, are likely syntypes, and were the only available source to confirm the actual identity of this taxon (the original Weinkauff collection having largely been dispersed: Curini-Galletti & Palazzi 1980). Curini-Galletti (1985) described J. guanchus from the Canary Islands, based on a particular morphotype with ca six teleoconch whorls separated by incised sutures, and a sculpture of four smooth spiral cords crossed by numerous very fine markedly prosocline growth lines; the background colour is shiny olive-green, with white blotches arranged in irregular longitudinal band across the whorls and the peripheral cord, the basal ridges with regularly white dotted. We have assayed three specimens from Lanzarote, morphologically corresponding to typical J. guanchus, which proved to be genetically indistinguishable from Western Mediterranean typical J. ruscurianus. Jujubinus poppei, has been described on syntopic samples from Lanzarote, differing from J. guanchus in the different number of spiral cords (6–7 in J. poppei vs 4 in J. guanchus).See under J. gravinae, and J. superum sp. nov. for detailed comparative remarks.

Jujubinus fraterculus Monterosato, 1880SSH XIII – Fig. 7P–RJujubinus fraterculus Monterosato, 1880: 220 (no figure).DiagnosisShell of large size for the genus, not very solid, 4–5 el…

Jujubinus fraterculus Monterosato, 1880SSH XIII – Fig. 7P–RJujubinus fraterculus Monterosato, 1880: 220 (no figure).DiagnosisShell of large size for the genus, not very solid, 4–5 elevated, flat, equidistant spiral cords, interspaces with fine prosocline lamellae, peripheral cord very evident, high height/width ratio.Type materialSyntypes TUNISIA • 8 dd; Sfax; “ Monotrochus fraterculus Monts Spugne di Sfax!”; MCZR-M-11705/S • 26 dd; Sfax; “ M. fraterculus Monts (Zyziph.), Boll. Malacologico Italiano 1880 p. 220 spugne di Sfax ” MCZR- M-11705/S • 2 dd; Gulf of Gabès; “Golfo di Gabes ”; MCZR-M-11705/S • 6 dd; “ Sfax ”; MCZR-M-11705/S • 13 dd; Mediterranean coasts of Northern Africa [unprecised locality]; “Africa”; MCZR-M-11758/S • 8 dd; Mediterranean coasts of Northern Africa [unprecised locality]; labelled “ C. d’Afr. ” (Appolloni et al. 2018); MCZR-M-11758/S.Other material examinedTUNISIA • 1 dd; Sfax; “smaragd. vr. Altior Mts Sfax, spugne”; MCZR-M-11761 • 34 dd; N of Zarzis; 33°36′28″ N, 11°04′04″ E; 0–7 m depth; MO • 3 dd; Djerba I.; 0.5 m depth; lagoon bioclastic sediment; LT • 1 dd; Djerba I.; beached; MO • 3 sh; Kerkennah; beached; MO • 4 dd; Kerkennah, Borj El Hsar Is.; beached; CS-PM • 150 dd; Kerkennah, Sidi Yousef; beached; CS-PM • 4 dd; Kerkennah, West of Gharbi I., Sidi Youssef; 0.5 m depth; LT • 2 lv; Kerkennah, Gharbi I., Sidi Youssef; 34°45′50″ N, 11°19′55″ E; 0–1 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2314.1 – 2 • 1 lv; Kerkennah, Chergui I.; 34°43′21″ N, 11°09′21″ E; 0–2 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2311.1 • 1 lv; Kerkennah, Chergui I.; 34°43′21″ N, 11°09′21″ E; 0–2 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2312.1 • 4 dd; unprecised locality; “ Jujubinus sp. C. di Barberia”; MCZR-M-11762.DescriptionSHELL. Shell of large size for the genus, height 10.0–11.0 mm, width 7.5–8.0 mm, height/width ratio 1.34– 1.38 conical, light. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 0.8 whorls, 0.25–0.26 mm in width. Teleoconch of 5.5–6.5 slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 4–5 flat, closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, including the 2 peripheral ones forming the peripheral cord, slightly shouldered, and 6–7 regularly spaced, basal spiral cords large and flat. Spiral interspaces with thick and strong prosocline lamellae regularly set. Suture incised. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls whitish or greyish; remaining whorls and base cream or brownish with alternating notches of colour brownish-reddishSOFT PARTS. Observed in alcohol preserved specimens, no dark terminal strip is present on the creamy band of the snout.DistributionKerkennah Islands (Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia), as a variety of J. unidentatus (Ghisotti & Melone 1975). Specimens reported under this name by Scuderi & Terlizzi (2012) from Apulia belong to another species. Currently J. fraterculus is known only from the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia, and it can be considered endemic to that area; living specimens at depths of 0– 2 m.RemarksJujubinus fraterculus differs from J. exasperatus, J. pseudogravinae, J. gravinae and J. dianiensis sp. nov. in the complete or partial absence of tubercles on the spiral cords; from J. vexationis (Madeira), J. swinneni sp. nov. (Canary Islands) and J. ruscurianus (western Mediterranean), in the more slender outline and stronger sculpture (with marked striae in the spiral interspaces in J. fraterculus vs thin prosocline striae in J. swinneni and J. ruscurianus); from J. superum sp. nov. and J. vulgaris in its stouter outline, and more marked sculpture; from J. elenchoides in its smaller size, and the fewer and slightly more marked spiral cords; from J. kyrnos sp. nov., in its more slender shape and more marked prosocline lamellae in the interspaces; from J. depictus) in its more slender outline (vs a more cyrtoconoid one in J. depictus) and in the colouration (whitish or greyish or brownish in J. fraterculus vs wine reddish, reddish brown or whitish-reddish background with white blotches in J. depictus); from J. sartorii in its smaller size with narrower base and more angled periphery, and in the colouration (whitish or greyish or brownish of J. fraterculus vs bright whitish-pinkish J. sartorii). See under J. gofasi sp. nov., J. dianiensis, J. striatus, J. smaragdinus, J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. dispar, for comparative remarks.

Jujubinus sartorii Aradas & Maggiore, 1840SSH XII – Fig. 7M–OJujubinus sartorii Aradas & Maggiore, 1840: 11–12.Calliostoma (Jujubinus) goniobasis Coen, 1937: 157, pl. ii fig.…

Jujubinus sartorii Aradas & Maggiore, 1840SSH XII – Fig. 7M–OJujubinus sartorii Aradas & Maggiore, 1840: 11–12.Calliostoma (Jujubinus) goniobasis Coen, 1937: 157, pl. ii fig. 16.DiagnosisShell of large size for the genus, solid, 5–6 spaced spiral cords, elevated, granulose, interspaces twice as broad as the cords, with strong prosocline lamellae, peripheral cord evident, high height/width ratio.Type materialSyntypes SICILY • 1 dd; Acirezza (type locality); University of Catania, Aradas collection • 2 dd; Acitrezza; Civico Museo di Storia Naturale, Milano, Mo28763, Mo28771.Other material examinedCORSICA • 2 lv; Sec St Antonio, CORSICABENTHOS stn CSXX; 41°20.4′ N, 9°10.9′ E; 43 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13658, 13659 • 2 lv; off South coasts, CORSICABENTHOS stn CSXX; 41°20.4′ N, 9°10.8′ E; 42 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-14585, 14586.CROATIA • 4 dd; Velirat; “ Jujubinus goniobasis Coen, 1937 fide Monterosato”; MCZR-M-11728.CYPRUS • 14 dd; Kerinia; (13 dd +1 dd form concinnus) “ Kerinia (Cipro) Lm. 1899 +vr. Kerinia copia a Coen”; MCZR-M-11707.FRANCE • 6 dd; coasts of the Pyrénées-Orientales; “Roussillon”; MCZR-M-11774.GREECE • 4 dd; Preveza; “Spiaggia di Prevesa, Jonio”; MCZR-M-11735.MALTA • 17 dd; unprecised locality; as “ Mirulinus rudi-striatus, Monts. Malta!”; MCZR-M-11702 • 24 dd; unprecised locality; “Malta”; MCZR-M-11732• 1 dd; unprecised locality; “Malta”; MCZR-M-11758 • 2 lv; Gozo Is., Xwejni Bay; 36°04′48.62″ N, 14°14′50.80″ E; 10 m depth; on P. oceanica, used for DNA sequencing; BAU2676.1, BAU2676.2.SICILY • 12 dd; Palermo, Arenella; “Arenella”; MCZR-M-25224 • 2 dd; Lampedusa; “Lampedusa”; MCZR-M-11766 • 11 dd; Palermo, Romagnolo; “Romagnolo (coraliné) 12 giug. 1907”; MCZR-M-11756 • 8 dd; Palermo, Romagnolo; “vr. Romagnoli monts copia a Cossmann 1913”; MCZR-M-11707.DescriptionSHELL. Shell of large size for the genus, height 6.5–10.3 mm, width 5.6–7.1 mm, height/width ratio 1.34– 1.45, conical, light. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl, 0.34–0.35 mm in width. Teleoconch of 6.5–7.0 slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 5–6 flat, closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, including the 2–3 peripheral ones forming the peripheral cord, slightly shouldered, and 8–9 regularly spaced, basal spiral cords large and flat. Suture well incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae irregularly set and interspaces adorned with strong prosocline lamellae. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with columellar callus thickened in the median portion. Interior of the aperture whitish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls bright whitish- pinkish; remaining whorls and base cream or whitish striated by fine brownish-reddish opisthocline or orthocline lines.Málaga, Spain. M–O. J. sartorii Aradas & Maggiore, 1840, RUC, syntype of Trochus sartorii, height 10.2 mm. Acitrezza, Sicily, Italy. P–R. J. fraterculus Monterosato, 1889, CS-PM, height 5.4 mm, Borj El Hsar (34°42′38″ N, 11°09′04″ E), Kerkennah Islands, Tunisia. S–U. J. depictus (Deshayes, 1835), CS-PM, height 8.2 mm, Giannutri Island (42°15′07.05″ N, 11°05′31.51″ E), Tuscany, Italy, on P. oceanica, 20 m depth. V–X. J. ruscurianus (Weinkauff, 1868), BAU2858.1, height 4.5 mm, Playazo de Rodalquilar, Spain. Scale bars = 2 mm.SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles whitish, densely covered by tiny purplish speckles interconnected to create an irregular network and sparingly white spots. Foot background reddish-creamy or reddish-brown mottled with darker blotches and basal white strips; sole white. Cephalic tentacles whitish, with a dorsal purplish stripe and densely covered by small purplish speckles. Eye stalks red-brownish; eyes black encircled by dark brown with a ventral white spot. Snout reddish, creamy terminal band with a thin dark terminal strip.DistributionSicily (Aradas & Maggiore 1840), Lampedusa, Cyprus and Malta; Corsica; Puntebianche (Veli Rat) Croatia (Coen 1937); living specimens at depths of 10– 42 m.RemarksIn the Monterosato collection, one vial (MCZR-M-11728) is preserved containing 4 specimens with the label handwritten by Monterosato reading “ goniobasis Mont. Velirat!”, which clearly refers to the taxon subsequently described as J. goniobasis Coen, 1937. Despite the slightly more elevated form, the sculpture is very similar to that of J. sartorii, and we consider the two taxa as synonyms.Jujubinus sartorii differs from J. exasperatus, J. pseudogravinae, J. gravinae and J. dianiensis sp. nov. in the complete or partial absence of tubercles on the spiral cords; from J. vexationis (Madeira) and J. swinneni sp. nov. (Canary Islands) in its stronger sculptures; from J. superum sp. nov. and J. vulgaris in its stouter outline, and stronger sculpture; from J. ruscurianus (Western Mediterranean) in its usually larger size and stronger sculpture (strong lamellae in the interspaces in J. sartorii vs fine prosocline lamellae in J. ruscurianus); from J. elenchoides in its smaller size and a fewer and stronger spiral cords; from J. kyrnos sp. nov. in its more slender shape and stronger sculpture (strong lamellae in the interspaces in J. sartorii vs fine prosocline lamellae in J. ruscurianus); from J. depictus mostly in the outline (more cyrtoconoid in J. depictus) colouration (bright whitish-pinkish in J. sartorii vs reddish, reddish brown or whitish-reddish background with white blotches in J. depictus). See under J. fraterculus, J. gofasi sp. nov., J. dianiensis, J. striatus, J. smaragdinus, J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. dispar, for comparative remarks.

Jujubinus gofasi Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D39C23A9-FD4C-48BC-BDD8-00BB77D11941SSH XI – Fig. 7J–LDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, so…

Jujubinus gofasi Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D39C23A9-FD4C-48BC-BDD8-00BB77D11941SSH XI – Fig. 7J–LDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, solid, 5–6 spaced spiral cords, elevated, granulose, wide interspaces like the cords, with strong prosocline lamellae, peripheral cord very evident, high height/width ratio.EtymologyThe species is named after Serge Gofas, for his great contribution to malacology.Type materialHolotype SPAIN • lv (6.8 (H) × 5.5 (W) mm); Málaga (type locality); 2–5 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2000-40312 (ex BAU2075.1).Paratypes SPAIN • 1 lv; same data as for holotype; used for DNA sequencing; MCZR-M-TYPE 00095 (ex BAU2075.3) (paratype 1) • 3 lv; same data as for holotype; BAU2066.3 (paratype 2), BAU2066.5 (paratype 3), BAU2068.2 (paratype 4) • 5 lv; same data as for holotype; MO (paratypes 5–9) • 10 lv; same data as for holotype; CS-PM (paratypes 10–19) • 6 lv; same data as for holotype; JMP (paratypes 20–25) • 3 lv; Almería; 20–30 m depth; trawled; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 -Jst7 to RM3 -Jst9 (paratypes 26–28) • 4 lv; Almería; CS-PM (paratypes 29–32).Other material examinedFRANCE • 10 lv; Brittany, Ploubazlanec, Baie de Launay; 48°48′5″ N, 3°00′10″ W; intertidal; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2659.1 to 2659.5, BAU 2662.1 to 2662.5.GREAT BRITAIN • 2 dd; Jersey; “ J. striatus Jersey England d. Chaster.95”; MCZR-M-11680.MOROCCO • 31 dd; Tangeri; “Tanger Jujub. Depictus De dd. Tangeri (M. Pallary)”; MCZR-M-11681 • 5 dd; Tangeri; “Tanger J. depictus De dd. Tangeri”; MCZR-M-11694.Description (in parentheses data of the holotype)SHELL. Shell of medium size for the genus, height 6.4–8.8 (5.8) mm, width 4.9–6.8 (5.8) mm, height/ width 1.21–1.38 conical, solid, slightly cyrtoconoid, rather shiny. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 15 whorl, 0.25–0.26 (0.25) mm in width. Teleoconch of 6.5 (5.5) slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 5–6 (6) strong, closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, including the 2–3 (3) peripheral ones forming the strong peripheral cord, and 6–7 (7) regularly spaced, basal weaker spiral cords and flat. Interspaces with thick and strong regularly set prosocline lamellae. Suture well incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae, rather regular. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish/greyish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls whitish or greyish; remaining whorls and base cream or blackish background with alternating large blackish/whitish blotches.SOFT PARTS. Observed in alcohol preserved specimens, dark terminal strip on the creamy band of the snout.DistributionRanging from the Mediterranean of southern Spain to the Atlantic, southward along the coasts of Morocco and northward to Brittany (France), and Jersey Is. (UK), living specimens from the intertidal to 5 m deep.RemarksIn some specimens the background colour is blackish with alternating large whitish blotches.It differs from J. exasperatus, J. pseudogravinae and J. gravinae in the lack of tubercles on the spiral cords; from J. vulgaris in the more numerous spiral cords (5–6 in J. gofasi sp. nov. vs 3 in J. vulgaris) and the colouration (cream or blackish with alternating large blackish-whitish blotches in J. gofasi vs white or whitish background with reddish brown in J. vulgaris); from J. vexationis (Madeira) in its larger size and the different sculpture (7–8 weak spiral cords, with slight undulations of the peripheral cord in the first 2–3 teleoconch whorls, broad interspaces with fine prosocline lines in J. vexationis vs 6 strong spiral cords and narrow adorned with strong prosocline lamellae in J. gofasi).From J. swinneni sp. nov. (Canary Islands) it differs in its stronger sculpture (with the prosocline lamellae crossing the spiral cords, whereas fine growth lines and lamellae are present mostly in the interspaces in J. swinneni).It differs from J. depictus in the more numerous spiral cords (3–4 in J. depictus vs 5–6 in J. gofasi sp. nov.) and weaker sculpture; from J. sartorii in the spiral cords with narrower interspaces and with more marked axial lamellae; from J. kyrnos sp. nov. in its large size, the colouration (cream or whitish background, with blackish and greyish flammules in J. kyrnos vs darker background with alternating large blackish blotches in J. gofasi), and the more numerous spiral cords (3 in J. kyrnos vs 5–6 in J. gofasi); from J. ruscurianus in its stronger sculpture with narrower interspaces with more marked lamellae; from J. elenchoides in its smaller size, and the fewer cords (12–16 spiral cords in J. elenchoides vs 5–6 in J. gofasi); from J. fraterculus in its weaker sculpture with less marked prosocline lamellae in the interspaces; from J. superum sp. nov. in its colouration (dark greyish-blackish background in J. superum vs cream or blackish background with alternating large blackish blotches in J. gofasi) the larger size and the more marked sculpture with (vs very fine lamellae in the interspaces of J. superum).

The second annual proceedings of the Reinforcement Learning Journal (RLJ), containing papers that were presented at the 2025 Reinforcement Learning Conference (RLC).

Jujubinus kyrnos Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 819B7669-092B-458A-A0EC-348F18395D6ASSH X – Fig. 7G–IDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, sol…

Jujubinus kyrnos Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 819B7669-092B-458A-A0EC-348F18395D6ASSH X – Fig. 7G–IDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, solid, 5–7 spaced and dimensionally regular spiral cords, elevated, broad interspaces with strong prosocline lamellae and fine growth lines, peripheral cord evident, high height/width ratio.EtymologyThe species is named from one of the names of Corsica in ancient Greek, ‘Κύρνος’ (= ‘Kyrnos’), used as a noun in apposition.Type materialHolotype CORSICA • lv (7.1 (H) × 5.0 (W) mm); Capo Rosso, Torra di Turhju (type locality), CORSICABENTHOS stn CB32; 42°14.4′ N, 8°33.1′ E; 14 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-17191.Paratypes CORSICA • 1 lv (6.5 (H) × 4.9 (W) mm); Punta Muchillina, CORSICABENTHOS stn CB40; 42°20.1′ N, 8°33.3′ E; 10 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-18126 • 1 lv (9.8 (H) × 6.0 (W) mm); Le Sphinx, CORSICABENTHOS stn CF02; 42°43.3′ N, 9°14.9′ E; 17 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5397 • 1 lv; North of Gargalo Is., CORSICABENTHOS stn CB31; 42°22.3′ N, 8°32.4′ E; 26 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-17184 • 1 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-17269 • 1 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-17281 • 1 lv; Punta di Ficaghjola, CORSICABENTHOS stn CB33; 42°15.3′ N, 8°37.3′ E; 21 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-17324.Other material examinedSPAIN • 1 lv; Almería, Cabo de Gata, Playazo de Rodalquilar; 36°51′28″ N, 2°00′06″ W; 10 m depth; subadult, used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2858.2 • 1 lv; Murcia, Cabo de Palos; 37°38′08.0″ N, 0°41′30.4″ W; subadult, used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-32869.Description (in parentheses data of the holotype)SHELL. Shell of medium size for the genus, height 3.7–7.2 (7.1) mm, width 3.2–5.0 (5.0) mm, height/ width ratio 1.16–1.44, conical, cyrtoconoid outline, quite robust, not very bright. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl, 0.28–0.29 (0.29) mm in width. Teleoconch of 7–7.5 flat whorls. Sculpture of 5–7 flat, spiral cords regularly spaced of about the same strength, with wide interspaces sculptured with strong prosocline lamella, the 2 peripheral ones (bigger) forming the evident peripheral cord, 6–7 closely spaced flat basal cords. Suture incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae rather regularly set. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, columellar callus thinner in the basal portion. Aperture whitish or pearly-greyishgreenish nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and first teleoconch whorls whitish-greyish or reddish white, remaining whorls reddish or blackish grey, with irregularly sparse whitish flammules of various sizes; peripheral cord reddish or grayish and slightly dotted with white in the first whorls (more evidently in sub-adult specimens).SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles whitish, densely covered by tiny purplish speckles interconnected to create an irregular network. Foot background reddish or creamy, densely mottled with brown or reddish-brown irregularly shaped blotches; sole white. Cephalic tentacles whitish, with a dorsal purplish stripe and covered by small purplish speckles. Eye stalks reddish or brownish; eyes black. Snout dark brown, creamy terminal band with a thin dark terminal strip.DistributionCorsica, at depths of 10– 26 m. Additional material, here conservatively considered as conspecific, from Cabo de Gata and Cabo de Palos, in southern Spain.RemarksThis species is diagnosed by the rather heavy shell with wide and regular but shallow spiral interspaces, and by the not very thick columella with the callous columellar tooth not prominent. It differs from J. vulgaris, J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae by the non-tuberculated spiral cords; from J. gravinae, J. vexationis and J. errinae by the absence of the typical tubercles on the peripheral cord and by the different colouration; from J. ruscurianus by the more slender outline and the different sculpture with narrower and less incised spaces. It differs from J. swinneni sp. nov. by the slender outline, the different colouration and the absence of sutural crenulation on the whorls of the teleoconch. It differs from J. elenchoides by its smaller size and by the sculpture formed by 5–7 spiral cords, vs 12–16 in J. elenchoides. It differs from J. superum sp. nov. in its larger size, its different colouration (reddish and/or whitish, with whitish and greyish flammules in J. kyrnos sp. nov. vs more uniform background with characteristic oblique black and whitish stripes in J. superum) and the sculpture formed by a smaller number of spiral cords (6–7 in J. kyrnos vs 12–16 in J. superum). Jujubinus kyrnos differs from J. elenchoides in its base with an acute and non-rounded angle and in the evident spiral cords (6.7 in J. kyrnos vs 12–15 in J. elenchoides). See under J. depictus, J. sartorii, J. fraterculus, J. gofasi sp. nov., J. dianiensis sp. nov., J. striatus, J. smaragdinus, J. inopinatus sp. nov., Jujubinus angustibasis sp. nov., J. dispar and J. tingitanus for comparative comments.

Jujubinus gravinae (Dautzenberg, 1881)SSH IX – Fig. 7D–FTrochus gravinae Dautzenberg, 1881: 119, note 1 (no figure).Jujubinus laeviusculus Monterosato, 1890 (no figure).Jujubinus parvosicu…

Jujubinus gravinae (Dautzenberg, 1881)SSH IX – Fig. 7D–FTrochus gravinae Dautzenberg, 1881: 119, note 1 (no figure).Jujubinus laeviusculus Monterosato, 1890 (no figure).Jujubinus parvosiculus Ghisotti & Melone, 1975: 206, unnumbered figure.DiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, solid, 4–5 spaced spiral cords, elevated, broad interspaces with numerous prosocline growth lines, peripheral cord evident and rippled, high height/width ratio.Type materialSyntypes FRANCE • 4 dd; Cannes, Cap Croisette (type locality); ex Dautzenberg collection; MCZR-M-11689/S • other syntypes; Cannes, Cap Croisette; Dautzenberg collection; RBINS I.G. 10591.Other material examinedCORSICA • 4 dd; Bastia; Caziot leg., 1896; MCZR-M-11689 • 5 dd; Corsica; Del Prete leg.; MCZR-M-11689 • 19 dd; L’Île Rousse, “Les Olivieres”; 42°38′01.4″ N, 8°57′03.3″ E; camping shore, beached; LT • 1 lv; Calcataggio, Tour d’Ancone; 42°02′36″ N, 8°43′15″ E; 15 m depth; 28 Aug. 2012; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3764 • 3 lv; Lavezzi Is., 41°20′ N, 9°15.6′ E; 0–2 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13574, 13598, 13600 • 2 lv; Punta Di Capineru; 41°27.4′ N, 9°02.4′ E; 0–1 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13679, 13690 • 3 lv; Cargèse Port; 42°07.9′ N, 8°35.8′ E; 7 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-16793, 16822, 16852.CROATIA • 9 dd; Brač; CS-PM.FRANCE • 4 dd; La Ciotat; MCZR-M-11689 • 4 dd; Cannes; MCZR-M-11689• 1 dd; Roussillon; MCZR-M-117747.ITALY • 5 dd; Livorno, Ardenza; MCZR-M-11684 • 1 dd; Elba I., Porto Azzurro, Naregno; bioclastic sediment; LT • 15 lv; Giannutri I.; Cystoseira; CS-PM • 62 dd; Giannutri I.; 15 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 3 lv; Giannutri I.; 42°15′7.05″ N, 11°05′31.51″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3- 174 - Jgra 1, RM3-175 - Jgra 2, RM3-176 - Jgra 3 • 130 lv; Giannutri I.; 11–25 m depth; on algae; CS-PM • 1 dd; Argentario; 30 m depth; MO • 5 dd; Civitavecchia, Sant’Agostino; beached; CS-PM • 5 lv; Civitavecchia, Sant’Agostino; on Posidonia; CS-PM • 3 dd; Civitavecchia; beached; CS-PM • 3 dd; Palo Laziale; MO • 22 lv; Ventotene I., Cala Rossano; 40°48′00.1″ N, 13°25′53.8″ E; 1.5–3 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 3 dd; Taranto; Abate Gravina legit; MCZR-M-11689.SARDINIA • 5 dd; La Maddalena I.; MO • 1 dd; Asinara I.; 25 m depth; MO • 13 dd; Stintino, Roccaruja; beached; CS-PM • 6 dd; Alghero; MCZR-M-11689 • 3 dd; Capocaccia; beached; CS-PM • 32 dd; Gulf of Arzachena; CS-PM • 2 lv; Baccu Mandara; 39°09′27.8″ N, 9°23′06.8″ E; 1–3 m depth; amidst algae, used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2078.1, BAU 2078.3 • 9 dd; Bosa Marina; beached; CS-PM • 4 dd; Siniscola, Santa Lucia; 7 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 14 dd; La Maddalena I.; 25 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 6 dd; Gulg of Arzachena; beached; CS-PM.SICILY • 3 lv; Ognina, Catania, north of the port; 37°31′55.4″ N, 15°07′14.3″ E; 0.5–3 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 7 lv; Catania, Stazzo; 37°39′24.0″ N, 15°11′59.0″ E; 0.5–4 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 10 lv; Capo San Vito, Macari; 38°08′22.8″ N, 12°44′14.2″ E; 1–4 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 6 lv; Favignana I.; 4 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 25 dd plus, 4 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11689 • 8 dd; Messina; Sulliotti leg.; MCZR-M-11689 • 6 dd; Acitrezza; MO • 24 dd; Ognina; MCZR-M-11684 • 4 dd; Sciacca; MCZR-M-11689 • 90 dd; Favignana I.; CS-PM • 5 dd; Lampedusa Cala Maluc; 8 m depth; CS-PM • 22 dd; Pantelleria; MCZR-M-11689.SPAIN • 1 dd; Valencia; MCZR-M-11689.DescriptionSHELL. Shell of medium size for the genus, height 5.1–6.5 (6.3) mm, width 4.6–5.2 mm, height/width ratio 1.12–1.31, conical, not very bright. Protoconch, of ca 1 whorl, 0.24–0.25 mm in width, sculptured by one spiral thread. Teleoconch of 4.5–6.0 slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 4–5 flat, closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, a rippled peripheral cord formed by 4–5 merged cordlets, and 6–7 regularly spaced, basal flat spiral cords. Suture incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae, irregularly set. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish or pinkish nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls whitish-pinkish; remaining whorls and base with cream or whitish background, with brownish-reddish flammules of different size, peripheral cord white dotted.SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles translucent, covered by scattered very tiny white speckles. Foot background creamy or reddish mottled with brownish or reddish and white blotches; sole whitish or creamy. Cephalic tentacles translucent, with a dorsal white stripe. Eye stalks brownish dorsally, whitish ventrally; eyes black encircled by white. Snout brownish to reddish with a creamy terminal band.DistributionMediterranean Sea, from the Adriatic to the Alboran Sea, in 0.5–25 m depth; not reported for the eastern basin by Ghisotti & Melone (1975), but recently and erroneously reported for the Aegean Sea by Manousis (2012: 92, first unnumbered figure) who figured a juvenile specimen of the J. striatus complex. Atlantic, from the Portuguese coasts to Dakar, Senegal (Cretella 1992); the record under this name from the Canary Islands (Rolán & Swinnen 2009: figs 33–39; Hernández et al. 2011: 428, fig. 14a–e), actually represents Jujubinus swinneni sp. nov. (see under this species).RemarksJujubinus gravinae has a very peculiar sculpture with the peripheral cord regularly and markedly crenulated which makes it easily diagnosed – for instance – from J. vexationis and J. errinae that exhibit this crenulation only on the first 2–3 teleoconch whorls. Jujubinus swinneni sp. nov., similar in the general aspect, can be easily diagnosed by the complete lack of tubercles on the peripheral cord and for the different colouration, bright greenish cream or greenish whitish, with alternating whitish or reddish or blackish spots on the peripheral cord vs cream or whitish background, with brownish-reddish flammules of J. gravinae. Jujubinus ruscurianus, J. elenchoides and J. superum sp. nov. lack any sutural and peripheral crenulation on all teleoconch whorls. Jujubinus gravinae differs from J. vulgaris, J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae in its non-tuberculated spiral cords.See under J. striatus, J. depictus, J. fraterculus, J. dianiensis sp. nov., J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. kyrnos sp. nov., J. sartorii, J. smaragdinus, J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. gofasi sp. nov., J. tingitanus, for comparative remarks.

Jujubinus superum Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DCC8446D-EA9D-4374-9C3F-EB8CE3FE802CSSH VIII – Fig. 7A–CDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus,…

Jujubinus superum Mariottini, Oliverio & Smriglio sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DCC8446D-EA9D-4374-9C3F-EB8CE3FE802CSSH VIII – Fig. 7A–CDiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, solid, several closely set spiral cords, not elevated, narrow interspaces with closely set and numerous prosocline lamellae and growth lines, peripheral cord not evident, high height/width ratio.EtymologyAfter the ancient Latin name of the Adriatic Sea (Mare Superum), used as a noun in apposition.Type materialHolotype SLOVENIJA • lv; Izola; 45°32′51.4″ N, 13°42′12.9″ E; 4 m depth; on Posidonia meadow; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2000-40311 (ex BAU2077.1).Paratypes SLOVENIJA • 2 lv; Izola; 45°32′51.4″ N, 13°42′12.9″ E; 4 m depth; on Posidonia meadow; used for DNA sequencing; BAU2077.2, BAU2077.3 (paratypes 1–2) • 2 lv; same data as for preceding; RM3 - Jis1, RM3 -Jis2 (paratypes 3–4) • 7 lv; same data as for preceding; CS-PM (paratypes 5–11).Description (in parentheses data of the holotype)SHELL. Shell conical, of medium size for the genus, height 6.0–6.5 (6.0) mm, width 4.7–4.9 (4.7) mm, height/width ratio 1.27–1.34, conical, solid, shiny. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl, 0.27– 0.28 (0.28) mm in width. Teleoconch of 5.5–6.5 (5.5) slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 5–6 (5) closely set abapical spiral cords of approximately the same strength, regularly spaced, and a not evident peripheral cord, slightly shouldered, formed by 2 (2) merged cordlets. Suture not very evident. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae irregularly set and arranged and regularly lamellae in the interspaces. Base convex and rounded, with 7–8 (7) regularly spaced, basal spiral flat cords regularly arranged and with wide interspaces; umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish-greyish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls bright whitish-greyish; remaining whorls and base dark greyish-blackish background colour, with alternating black and white sagittal stripes of irregular size.SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles whitish translucent with sparse scattered very tiny white speckles. Foot background creamy or brownish with darker brown blotches and covered by sparse white speckles; sole white. Cephalic tentacles translucent with a dorsal white stripe and irregularly scattered white speckles. Eye stalks whitish or creamy dorsally, brown ventrally; eyes black. Snout light or dark brown with a creamy terminal band.DistributionCurrently known only for the Istrian peninsula (Slovenija) in shallow waters (4 m deep) on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows.RemarksJujubinus superum sp. nov. differs from J. vulgaris, J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae in its non-tuberculated spiral cords. It differs from J. swinneni sp. nov. in its more slender outline and the different colouration, always with a dark greyish-blackish background. From J. vexationis, and J. errinae it differs in its larger size, in the lack of tubercles on the peripheral cord in the first teleoconch whorls, and in the colouration (dark greyish-blackish background with sagittal stripes in J. superum, cream background with alternating pinkish-brownish-reddish longitudinal and opisthocline flammules in J. vexationis and reddish-creamy, with spiral cords and basal cord red interrupted by short white spots in J. errinae). From J. elenchoides it differs in having fewer but stronger spiral cords (5–6 in J. superum vs 12–15 weaker cords in J. elenchoides). See under J. striatus, J. depictus, J. fraterculus, J. dianiensis sp. nov., J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. kyrnos sp. nov., J. sartorii, J. smaragdinus, J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. gofasi sp. nov., for comparative remarks.

Jujubinus elenchoides (Issel, 1878)SSH VII – Fig. 6V–XTrochus striatus var. e lenchoides Issel, 1878: 436, fig. 6.Jujubinus aegeensis Nordsieck, 1973: 6–7, 10–12, fig. 13.Jujub…

Jujubinus elenchoides (Issel, 1878)SSH VII – Fig. 6V–XTrochus striatus var. e lenchoides Issel, 1878: 436, fig. 6.Jujubinus aegeensis Nordsieck, 1973: 6–7, 10–12, fig. 13.Jujubinus elenchoides orientalis Nordsieck, 1973: 6–7, 10–12.DiagnosisShell of large size for the genus, solid, several closely set spiral cords, not elevated, barely granulose, narrow interspaces with closely set and numerous prosocline lamellae and growth lines, peripheral cord not evident, high height/width ratio.Type materialLectotypes of Trochus striatus var. e lenchoides Issel, 1878 TURKEY • 2 dd; Cape Barbieri; 20 m depth; “Barbieri (m. 20)” “Isola Barbieri / 20 m / (Issel)!”; MCZR- M-11698-L (designated by Curini-Galletti 1982a).Paralectotype of Trochus striatus var. e lenchoides Issel, 1878 TURKEY • 1 dd; same data as for lectotype; MCZR-M-11698-P.Syntype of Jujubinus aegeensis Nordsieck, 1973 GREECE • 1 dd; Karpathos Is. (type locality); SMF 341823.Syntype of Jujubinus elenchoides orientalis Nordsieck, 1973 GREECE • 1 dd; Karpathos Is. (type locality); SMF 341821.Other material examinedCYPRUS • 1 lv; Cape Greco; 34.9860° N, 34.0786° N; 30 m depth; 7 May 2022; on Posidonia oceanica; used for DNA sequencing, CYP 082; SZN-MOL0054.GREECE • 4 lv; Astypalea Is., Analipsi; 36.575946° N, 26.393070° E; 0–1 m depth; 28–30 Jun. 2017; on Posidonia oceanica; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3040.1 to 3040.4 • 2 lv; same data as for prececeding; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3041.1, 3041.2 • 4 lv; same data as for prececeding; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3044.1 to 3044.4 • 1 lv; same data as for prececeding; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3044.6 • 3 dd; Kythnos Is.; 6 m depth; CS-PM • 12 dd; Astypalea Is., Analipsi; 5 m depth; on Posidonia oceanica; LT.MALTA • 1 dd; labelled “coste/Malta”; MCZR-M-11703.TUNISIA • 2 dd; Gulf of Gabès; labelled “ Gabes Pallary”; MCZR-M-11712.TURKEY • 10 dd; Bozcaada Island; 8 m depth; CS-PM • 9 dd; Datça; 36°42′16.6″ N, 27°40′52.3″ E; 15 m depth; on Posidonia oceanica; LT • 2 dd; Datça harbour; 36°43′20.9″ N, 27°41′22.1″ E; 8 m depth; LT.UNPRECISED LOCALITIES • 15 dd and fragments; Mediterranean coasts of Northern Africa; labelled “C. d’Afr.” (Appolloni et al. 2018); MCZR-M-11682 • 10 dd; Mediterranean coasts of Northern Africa; labelled “ J. (Zizyphinus) sartorii, Aradas. C. di Barberia!” plus “ J. sartorii, Ar. Coste d’Africa ”; MCZR-M-11758 • 4 dd; Adriatic? [probably wrong]; “ Trochus striatus Gm. Adr. Stoss. ”; MCZR-M-11778 • 8 dd; Northern Africa; labelled “ J. sericeus nelle spugne”; MCZR-M-11683.Description (in parentheses data of the lectotype)SHELL. Shell of large size for the genus, height 7.4–13.0 (11.7) mm, width 5.3–7.5 (7.3) mm, height/width ratio 1.43–1.60, conical, shiny but opaque in type material. Protoconch, of ca 1.1 whorls, 0.23–0.24 mm in width, sculptured by sparse micropustules. Teleoconch of 6.5–7.5 (7.5) slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 12–16 (14) closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, and a not evident peripheral cord, slightly shouldered, formed by 2–3 (2) merged cordlets. Suture incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae and lamellae, irregularly set. Base convex and rounded, with 11–13 (12) regularly spaced, basal spiral flat cords, arranged in pairs; umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls bright whitish greyish; remaining whorls and base dark background colour, black, brownish, reddish, with alternating sagittal bands, whitish or reddish or pinkish, which are highlighted depending on the background colour.SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles whitish, densely covered by red speckles. Foot background whitish mottled with dark spots, sole white. Cephalic tentacles whitish densely covered by dark speckles, with a dorsal dark stripe. Eye stalks brownish dorsally, whitish ventrally; eyes black surrounded by a brown blotch, encircled by white. Snout light or dark brown with a creamy terminal band.DistributionEastern Mediterranean Sea, from the Aegean Sea (Manousis 2012) to eastern Turkey (this work), and Cyprus (Tornaritis 1987, as “ Jujubinus striatus Linne ”), living specimens in very shallow waters (0–1 m) occasionally down to a depth of 30 m. Also reported in the northern African coasts, from Morocco to Libya, (Ghisotti & Melone 1975) and Malta (MCZR-M-11703 collection): while we are able to confirm its presence in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the records from Malta and North Africa are almost all based on labels of historical collections and need further checking.RemarksDescribed by Issel (1878) as Trochus striatus var. elenchoides, it may be argued whether it is to be considered as infrasubspecific or subspecific (ICZN 1999: art. 45.6.4); in any case, it was elevated to specific rank at first by Monterosato (1884: 47), which would make it available from its original introduction by Issel (ICZN 1999: art. 45.6.4.1). Issel (1878: 436) reported the locality “Barbieri (m. 20)” which is actually not an island (as suggested by Monterosato’s label, see also Curini-Galletti 1982a: 219) but rather the small promontory (Capo Barbieri) in correspondence with the ancient locality of Rhoiteion (Troades, northern Anatolia). Jujubinus elenchoides differs from J. ruscurianus in its narrower interspaces and more numerous spiral cords (4–5 in ruscurianus vs 12–15 finer in elenchoides), and from J. vulgaris, J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae in its smooth, non-tuberculated and more numerous spiral cords. It also differs from J. swinneni sp. nov., J. vexationis, and J. errinae in its colouration and the larger size and, from the latter two species, for the lack of tubercles on the peripheral cord in the first teleoconch whorls. See under J. striatus, J. depictus, J. fraterculus, J. superum sp. nov., J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. kyrnos sp. nov., J. sartorii, J. smaragdinus, J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. gofasi sp. nov., for comparative remarks.