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Cassia fistula Linn. (family Fabaceae), commonly known as Indian Laburnum or Golden Shower Tree, is a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha, an…

Cassia fistula Linn. (family Fabaceae), commonly known as Indian Laburnum or Golden Shower Tree, is a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. The present review highlights the phytochemical profile, traditional applications, geographical distribution, morphological characteristics, and biomedical potential of Cassia fistula. Various parts of the plant such as leaves, flowers, bark, roots, fruit pulp, pods, and seeds contain biologically active compounds including flavonoids, anthraquinones, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. These phytoconstituents contribute to a broad range of pharmacological activities. Experimental studies have demonstrated significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, antipyretic, anthelmintic, gastroprotective, and anticancer properties of the plant. The antioxidant potential of Cassia fistula is particularly associated with its ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Traditional and modern scientific evidence supports its therapeutic value and highlights its potential for the development of natural and plant-based pharmaceutical formulations. Further clinical investigations are necessary to validate its safety, efficacy, and biomedical applications.

Sodium/calcium exchanger protein; Leishmania infantum (strain JPCM5)

Ushbu maqolada tijorat banklarining investitsion jozibadorligini ta’minlash yo‘llari hamda banklarning moliya bozoridagi faoliyatini takomillashtirish tamoyillariga asoslangan ij…

Ushbu maqolada tijorat banklarining investitsion jozibadorligini ta’minlash yo‘llari hamda banklarning moliya bozoridagi faoliyatini takomillashtirish tamoyillariga asoslangan ijtimoiy yo‘naltirilgan bozor sharoitida uning tarkibiy qismi hisoblanadigan investitsiya faoliyatini shakllantirish kabi bir qancha omillarga bog‘liqligi keltirib o‘tilgan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekistonda tijorat banklari aktivlarining rentabellik darajasini oshirish, kreditlardan ko‘riladigan zararlarni qoplashga mo‘ljallangan zaxira ajratmalarini kamaytirishga hamda tijorat banklarining investitsion jozibadorligini ta’minlash zaruriyati bo‘yicha yuzaga kelayotgan muammolarni bartarf etishning nazariy va ilmiy jihatlari bayon etilgan.

ਸਾਹਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜ ਦੋ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਧਰਾਤਲ ਹਨ। ਸਮਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿ ਰਿਹਾ ਆਮ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀ ਜਟਿਲਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਵਿਚ ਅਸਮਰੱਥ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਰੰਤੂ ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਮਾਨਵੀਂ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਅੰਤਰ-ਵਿਰੋਧਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝ ਕੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਯਾਥਰਥ ਬਿੰਬ ਨੂੰ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ। ਇਸ ਬਿ…

ਸਾਹਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜ ਦੋ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਧਰਾਤਲ ਹਨ। ਸਮਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿ ਰਿਹਾ ਆਮ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀ ਜਟਿਲਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਵਿਚ ਅਸਮਰੱਥ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਰੰਤੂ ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਮਾਨਵੀਂ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਅੰਤਰ-ਵਿਰੋਧਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝ ਕੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਯਾਥਰਥ ਬਿੰਬ ਨੂੰ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ। ਇਸ ਬਿੰਬ ਵਿਚ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਬਣਤਰ ਦਾ ਸਮੁੱਚਾ ਢਾਂਚਾ ਕਾਰਜਸ਼ੀਲ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਵਿਚ ਨਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਵਿਵਹਾਰ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਤੈਅ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਵਿਵਹਾਰ ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਬੜੀ ਚਲਾਕੀ ਨਾਲ ਨੈਤਿਕਤਾ ਦੀ ਬੁਰਕੀ ਵਿਚ ਲਪੇਟ ਕੇ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਇਸ ਵਿਚ ਕਾਰਜ਼ਸੀਲ ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਕ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮੁੱਚੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਡੇ ਸਨਮੁੱਖ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਜਿਵੇਂ ਘਰ, ਪਰਿਵਾਰ, ਧਰਮ, ਸਕੂਲ, ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ, ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਆਦਿ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਹਨ, ਜਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਨਾਰੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਵਹਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਨਾਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਇੰਨੀ ਸਹਿਜ ਕਿਉਂ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਤੈਅ ਵਿਵਹਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਅਪਣਾ ਲੈਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਕਿਉਂ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਾ ਨਾਲ ਜੁੜੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਕੋਈ ਵੀ ਸਮਾਜ ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਾ ਤੋਂ ਮੁਕਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਸਮਾਜ ਨਿਰਲੇਪ ਵਰਤਾਰਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਗੋਂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦੀ ਵਿਧੀ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਉਪਜਿਆ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਕਦਰ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਆਪਣੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਜ਼ਿਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਾ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਾਖਾਵਾਂ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਸਮਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਇਸ ਲਈ ਲਿਖਤ ਵਿਚ ਪ੍ਰਸਤੁਤ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ ਸਮਾਜ ਦਾ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਸਗੋਂ ਇਕ ਸਮੂਹ ਦਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿਹੜਾ ਅੰਕੜਿਆਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਸਗੋਂ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਨੁਭਵ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਕਸ਼ੀਦਿਆਂ ਤੱਤ ਬਣ ਕੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਕਸ਼ੀਦੇ ਤੱਤ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਬਿੰਬ ਵਿਚ ਢਾਲ ਕੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਸਿਰਿਓ ਤੋਂ ਨਾਰੀ ਬਿੰਬ ਨੂੰ ਘੜ੍ਹਨਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਸਮਾਜ ਦੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਇਕ ਘਟਨਾ ਜਾਂ ਵਰਤਾਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤ ਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਵਾਂ ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਗ ਸਿਰਜ ਕੇ ਅਤੀਤ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਵਾਦ ਰਚਾ ਕੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਅਵਚੇਤਨ ਘੜ੍ਹ ਕੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਮੁੱਦਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਾਹਿਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਮੂਲ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਸਮਾਜ ਦੀ ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ।

Convém delimitar o vocabulário antes de percorrer o argumento, uma vez que os termos em circulação designam operações distintas. O ensino de literatura, na fo…

Convém delimitar o vocabulário antes de percorrer o argumento, uma vez que os termos em circulação designam operações distintas. O ensino de literatura, na formulação que Cosson (2021) propõe, nomeia o conjunto de saberes sobre o objeto literário transmitidos na escola, entre eles periodização, autoria e categorias de análise, ao passo que a leitura literária designa o ato de ler a obra e o letramento literário remete à apropriação social dessa prática, com autonomia para além do período escolar. A distinção interessa porque a rotina do ensino médio tende a realizar apenas a primeira dessas operações e a supor que as demais decorrem dela por consequência automática, suposição que Teixeira, Vieira e Sales (2019) tratam ao percorrer o modo como a escola transformou a literatura em conteúdo programático. Santos (2017), ao cartografar o perfil de leitor de textos literários egresso das aulas de língua portuguesa do ensino médio, reúne indícios de que a passagem pela etapa não assegura a constituição de um leitor que dê continuidade à prática, resultado que interpela diretamente a hipótese da decorrência automática. A escolha por circunscrever a discussão à etapa final da educação básica se justifica pela particularidade do período, no qual a proximidade dos processos seletivos reorganiza o tempo da aula, hierarquiza conteúdos e converte a lista de obras exigidas em programa de estudo, condição que não se repete com a mesma intensidade nos anos anteriores da escolarização. O texto se organiza em quatro movimentos após esta abertura. A segunda seção situa a literatura como objeto escolar, percorrendo a distinção conceitual entre ensino, leitura e letramento, o tratamento conferido ao campo artístico-literário nos documentos curriculares vigentes e os efeitos da escolarização sobre a experiência estética. A terceira seção examina a forma escolar do texto literário, com atenção aos excertos e às comandas presentes no material didático e ao papel organizador que a periodização historiográfica exerce sobre o currículo. A quarta seção trata da lógica do exame, considerando o modo como a avaliação externa reordena o tempo da aula e quais perfis de leitor resultam desse reordenamento. A quinta seção reúne as pesquisas que descrevem experiências de mediação, entre elas propostas apoiadas no método recepcional, práticas de formação de comunidades de leitores e circuitos digitais de leitura, e discute em que medida tais experiências alteram a relação entre estudante e obra. A opção metodológica pela revisão de artigos publicados na última década decorre do objeto, pois o que se discute são regularidades da prática escolar registradas por pesquisas empíricas e documentais dispersas em periódicos, cuja reunião permite reconstituir o quadro sem recorrer a generalização apoiada em impressões de sala de aula.

The article analyzes the history, theoretical foundations, and current trends in the study of linguistic terms in the field of world linguistics. It highlights the fact that terminology as an independ…

The article analyzes the history, theoretical foundations, and current trends in the study of linguistic terms in the field of world linguistics. It highlights the fact that terminology as an independent science emerged from the theory of general terminology by Eugen Wüster, its onomasiological approach, and the principles of unambiguity. In the context of Ferdinand de Saussure’s structuralism, the role of terms in the language system is examined. Modern research based on the communicative theory of Teresa Cabre, the cognitive-socio-cognitive approaches of Rita Temmerman and Pamela Faber, the Kageura term dynamics model, corpus methods, and lexical semantics are analyzed.

An artificial language for and by pseudoLuc AI clone

Axillary Lymph Nodes (ALNs) can be affected by breast cancer, and the number of affected ALNs is a determinant factor in breast cancer staging. Microwave imaging (MWI) has emerged as a promising techn…

Axillary Lymph Nodes (ALNs) can be affected by breast cancer, and the number of affected ALNs is a determinant factor in breast cancer staging. Microwave imaging (MWI) has emerged as a promising technique for ALN assessment, addressing limitations in conventional imaging modalities. This study investigates, for the first time, the classification of ALNs and axillary regions from microwave signals, without image reconstruction. Classification is performed considering realistic morphological characteristics of ALNs reported in the literature and is based solely on geometric differences, which differ from targets previously explored in microwave-based classification studies. Eighty ALN numerical models were mathematically generated based on state-of-the-art anatomical descriptions. Microwave signals were simulated for three scenarios of different complexity, involving one and two ALNs, representing healthy and metastasised conditions. The methodology evaluated multiple combinations of signal types, feature extraction methods, and classifiers, including scenarios with multiple targets, reflecting clinically relevant axillary conditions and limited angular views inherent to axillary imaging. Classification accuracy reached 95% for single-ALN scenarios using kNN, while more complex two-ALN cases achieved accuracies up to 83.3% using SVM. These results demonstrate the potential of microwave signal-based classification to differentiate healthy and metastasised ALNs and axillary regions, supporting future integration with MWI image interpretation.

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, commonly known as yellow trumpet flower, is a medicinal plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been traditionally used for the treatment…

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, commonly known as yellow trumpet flower, is a medicinal plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes, infections, and inflammatory disorders. The plant contains a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids that contribute to its diverse pharmacological properties. Several experimental studies have demonstrated significant biological activities of Tecoma stans, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic effects. These pharmacological activities have been investigated through both in vitro and in vivo models, supporting the traditional uses of the plant. The present review aims to summarize the available literature on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of Tecoma stans. Understanding the therapeutic potential of this plant may contribute to the development of novel plant-based drugs. However, further studies, particularly clinical trials, are necessary to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans.