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This article analyzes the economic efficiency of implementing an improved harrow wool scouring machine into enterprises. As a result of the changes made to the machine design, it was determined that t…

This article analyzes the economic efficiency of implementing an improved harrow wool scouring machine into enterprises. As a result of the changes made to the machine design, it was determined that the productivity was increased, electricity, water and detergent consumption were reduced, and maintenance costs were reduced. Capital investments, annual economic efficiency, payback period, and net economic efficiency indicators were calculated. The results obtained indicate the economic feasibility of implementing the proposed design into production.

Indoor cockroaches are potential carriers of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study examined bacteria present on the external surfaces of Periplaneta americana collected from indoor …

Indoor cockroaches are potential carriers of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study examined bacteria present on the external surfaces of Periplaneta americana collected from indoor environments in Malappuram District, Kerala, India, and evaluated their antibiotic resistance profiles. Bacteria were isolated using a blood agar contact method and identified through morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Two Gram-negative bacteria, Serratia marcescens and Shimwellia blattae, were consistently isolated, each showing 99% sequence similarity with reference strains. Both isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, tetracycline, cefalexin, azithromycin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin. These findings demonstrate that indoor P. americana can harbor multidrug-resistant bacteria, underscoring the need for improved sanitation and integrated pest management to reduce potential public health risks.

Donna Mills is proving that it's never too late for a career shift. The "Knots Landing" star, 85, announced her latest professional venture: an OnlyFans page. “I’ve always appreciated the …

Donna Mills is proving that it's never too late for a career shift. The "Knots Landing" star, 85, announced her latest professional venture: an OnlyFans page. “I’ve always appreciated the incredible support and encouragement I’ve received from my fans over the years. Social media has been a wonderful way to stay connected, but I’m excited to join OnlyFans because it offers the opportunity for a more personal and direct connection,” Mills said in a statement to USA TODAY on July 30. The former soap opera actress, best known for playing Abby Cunningham on "Knots Landing," explained that the platform will allow her to share behind-the-scenes moments from her daily life and engage with fans in a more meaningful way. She did not indicate any plans to post explicit or sexual content, despite the platform's association with adult creators.   Robux Free Robux Free Robux Free   Instagram Followers Free Instagram Followers Free Instagram Followers Free Instagram Followers Free   TikTok Followers Free TikTok Followers Free TikTok Followers Free

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common cardiovascular problems that occur in preterminfants. This trial aimed to investigate whether acetaminophen is non-inferior to ib…

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common cardiovascular problems that occur in preterminfants. This trial aimed to investigate whether acetaminophen is non-inferior to ibuprofen in closing PDA in very preterm infants.Patients and Methods: A randomized non-inferiority trial was conducted on preterm infants with a gestational age <32weeks, birth weight <1500 g, postnatal age <72 h, and PDA size >1.5 mm. Infants were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous acetaminophen (n=52) or rectal ibuprofen (n=52). The primary study outcome was the ductus closurewithin 24 hours after completion of the first and/or second course of pharmacological treatment.Results: The incidence of PDA closure after completion of the first and/or second course of pharmacological treatmentwas identical 81% (42/52). After the first course of treatment, PDA closed in 37 infants (71%) in the ibuprofen groupand 41 patients (79%) in the acetaminophen group (p>0.05). The median age (IQR) at the time of ductus closure wasalso the same in both groups, 5 (5-6) days. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in theincidence of severe complications associated with preterm birth and mortality (p>0.05). No side effects related to pharmacological treatment were detected.Conclusions: Acetaminophen is non-inferior to ibuprofen for the closure of PDA in very preterm infants.

Freemasonry and the Judiciary: The Opinion of the Judicial Ethics Committee of 9 June 2026 and Its Jurisprudential Foundations     The opinion delivered on 9 June 2026 by the Judicial E…

Freemasonry and the Judiciary: The Opinion of the Judicial Ethics Committee of 9 June 2026 and Its Jurisprudential Foundations     The opinion delivered on 9 June 2026 by the Judicial Ethics Committee (Collège de déontologie des magistrats de l’ordre judiciaire, CDJ), under reference 2026-27, has sent shockwaves through the legal community. Seised by a judge seeking guidance prior to joining a Masonic lodge, the Committee articulated a principle whose clarity has surprised even seasoned observers:     “Membership of Freemasonry is incompatible with the ethical obligations incumbent upon any judge where the oath taken entails allegiance or prioritised solidarity. Failing that, it gives rise to serious reservations and calls for the utmost vigilance on the part of the judge, both in appearance and in reality, as regards the principles of independence, impartiality and neutrality.”     Initially passing largely unnoticed, the opinion was brought back into the spotlight by Judge Valérie-Odile Dervieux in a LinkedIn post, before being relayed by Actu-Juridique on 22 June 2026, rapidly becoming the site’s most-read article. It was subsequently covered by La Croix, Le Point, and the Masonic platform Hiram.be, reflecting the intensity of the debate it has sparked.     This analysis examines the legal foundations of that position in light of the case law of the Criminal Chamber of the Court of Cassation, the ultimate guardian of impartiality and independence in criminal proceedings. It compares the CDJ’s opinion with constitutional, conventional, and statutory frameworks governing judicial ethics, in order to assess both its reach and its limits.     Opinion 2026-27 emerges in a context of unprecedented tensions surrounding the status of the judiciary. The renewed debate on prosecutorial independence—revived by the Lyhanna affair and statements by Justice Minister Gérald Darmanin on 22 June 2026—the SURE bill on criminal justice, and the historic mobilisation of lawyers and judges on 29 June 2026 for a “day without criminal justice” all point to growing mistrust in the institution. In this climate, the CDJ’s position on Freemasonry is not merely a matter of personal ethics; it directly engages the credibility of the judiciary itself.     Title I   The Opinion of 9 June 2026: A Doctrinal Break Between Freedom of Association and Ethical Requirements     A. The Foundational Triptych: Allegiance, Secrecy, and the Appearance of Impartiality     Opinion 2026-27 rests on three interlocking pillars which, taken together, underpin its conclusion of incompatibility.     First, the oath of allegiance or obedience. The Committee notes that joining Freemasonry entails—according to the sources consulted, including encyclopaedic material—an undertaking that may conflict with the oath taken by judges upon entering office. Under Article 6 of Ordinance No. 58-1270 of 22 December 1958, judges swear to “perform their duties with impartiality, to maintain the secrecy of deliberations, and to conduct themselves in all respects as worthy, loyal and upright judges.” The coexistence of two oaths, one of which may imply prioritised allegiance, creates a tension the CDJ considers irreconcilable.     Second, secrecy. Freemasonry imposes an obligation of discretion regarding its activities, rites, and internal debates. Judges, however, are bound by a requirement of transparency in the exercise of their functions. The Judicial Ethics Charter (2010) provides that a judge’s private commitments must not “influence or appear to influence the independent, impartial and objective exercise of judicial functions.” Masonic secrecy—even in principle—feeds a perception of opacity incompatible, in the Committee’s view, with the appearance of impartiality.     Third, and most decisive in legal terms, is the appearance of impartiality. The CDJ recalls that Freemasonry has already been implicated in at least one judicial scandal, with risks deemed “all the greater in smaller jurisdictions.” For court presidents, the difficulties would be “specific.” The Committee thus applies the standard developed by the European Court of Human Rights under Article 6(1): impartiality must be assessed both subjectively (the judge’s inner conviction) and objectively (the appearance presented to litigants). This dual requirement has long been recognised by the Criminal Chamber.     B. Constitutional and Convention Tensions     While forceful, the CDJ’s position does not settle the legal debate. It raises several issues under fundamental rights frameworks.     First, freedom of association, protected by Article 11 ECHR and recognised as a fundamental constitutional principle, prohibits disproportionate restrictions. The CDJ does not distinguish between Masonic obediences, whose practices and oaths vary, nor between judicial roles. Are prosecutors, who do not participate in deliberations, subject to the same constraints as sitting judges? The Criminal Chamber has held that “public prosecutors cannot be challenged” (Crim., 5 Nov. 2025, No. 25-80.532), highlighting that impartiality guarantees do not apply uniformly.     Second, freedom of conscience and opinion, protected by Article 10 of the 1789 Declaration and Article 9 ECHR, prevents sanctioning judges solely for their beliefs. Although the CDJ stops short of an outright prohibition, its distinction—depending on whether the Masonic oath implies prioritised allegiance—places a heavy evidential burden on the judge. Yet the ECtHR requires that any interference be based on accessible and foreseeable law (Zhechev v Bulgaria, 2009). Whether a non-binding ethical opinion satisfies this requirement is open to question.     Third, Articles 64 and 65 of the Constitution guarantee judicial independence through the President and the High Council for the Judiciary (CSM). The CDJ, as a subsidiary body, has no regulatory power. Its opinions are not binding. Yet their public authority may produce de facto disciplinary consequences, conferring quasi-normative force without a fully adequate institutional basis.     Title II   Case Law of the Criminal Chamber as the Benchmark for Judicial Impartiality     A. Objective Impartiality as Cornerstone     The Criminal Chamber has developed a rigorous body of case law on impartiality that sheds light on the CDJ’s reasoning.     In its judgment of 25 October 2023 (No. 23-84.958), it held that a judge who refused to approve a plea agreement cannot subsequently act as a judge of liberties and detention in the same matter without breaching impartiality. This marked a departure from earlier case law and affirms a demanding conception of objective impartiality: it is not enough that the judge be impartial; the litigant must be able to believe so.     This logic mirrors the CDJ’s approach. Just as prior involvement may undermine confidence, so too might membership of a structured organisation involving secrecy and allegiance.     In its judgment of 18 December 2024 (No. 23-83.178), the Court further held that a defendant cannot later challenge impartiality based on facts known at trial if they failed to seek recusal at the time. This reinforces both the subjective/objective distinction and the obligation of procedural vigilance.     However, this mechanism reveals a key issue in the Masonic context: if membership is secret, litigants cannot exercise their right of recusal. The CDJ’s position finds its strongest justification here—secrecy undermines the effectiveness of procedural safeguards.     B. Procedural Safeguards     French criminal procedure provides mechanisms—recusal, transfer, withdrawal—to guarantee impartiality. Recent case law shows their active application.     Examples include:   - Transfer due to family connections within the court (Crim., 15 Oct. 2025).   - Transfer where the accused is a judge in a nearby jurisdiction (Crim., 6 Jan. 2026).   - Transfer where the accused formerly served in the same court (Crim., 22 Jan. 2025).     In each case, objective circumstances created legitimate doubt, even without actual bias.     The key distinction with Freemasonry lies in its invisibility. Unlike family ties or professional links, membership is not verifiable by litigants. This informational asymmetry is central: it is not membership per se that is problematic, but the impossibility of invoking it within procedural safeguards.     Conclusion     The CDJ’s opinion of 9 June 2026 forms part of a broader jurisprudential movement, driven by both the Criminal Chamber and the European Court of Human Rights, elevating impartiality to a cardinal principle of a fair trial.     While grounded in existing case law on objective impartiality and procedural guarantees, it raises unresolved constitutional and convention issues. Freedom of association, freedom of conscience, and proportionality remain critical counterweights. A future constitutional challenge may clarify this balance.     In the meantime, judges face a difficult choice: renounce a protected associative affiliation or risk disciplinary exposure based on a non-binding yet highly authoritative opinion. Prudence suggests seeking prior guidance from the CDJ and carefully documenting guarantees of independence.     Ultimately, Opinion 2026-27 extends beyond Freemasonry. It raises a broader question: under what conditions can any private affiliation remain compatible with the judicial function? The answer, when it comes, may well transform ethical standards across the judiciary.    

Este capítulo investiga a formação social e o papel geopolítico do Líbano a partir da influência da Modernidade Eurocêntrica e do Colonialismo Europeu &m…

Este capítulo investiga a formação social e o papel geopolítico do Líbano a partir da influência da Modernidade Eurocêntrica e do Colonialismo Europeu — forças que acabaram moldando o país como uma espécie de enclave ocidental no Oriente Médio. O objetivo é examinar as contradições políticas, econômicas e sociais libanesas, acompanhando essa trajetória desde a origem colonial e a assinatura do Pacto Nacional de 1943 até a consolidação da ordem neoliberal no pós-guerra civil e os conflitos mais recentes. A partir de uma extensa revisão histórica e da análise do noticiário da região, o estudo mostra como o alinhamento das elites locais ao capital transnacional aprofundou as desigualdades, alimentou a divisão sectária e deixou o país refém de interesses estrangeiros. Em última análise, a insistência em modelos neoliberais e a postura defensiva diante das pressões dos Estados Unidos e de Israel continuam minando a soberania do Estado libanês, deixando seu território e sua política ainda mais vulneráveis.

In this article, the efficiency of the improved harrow wool washing machine was theoretically studied based on the mathematical modeling method. In the study, the main input parameters affecting the o…

In this article, the efficiency of the improved harrow wool washing machine was theoretically studied based on the mathematical modeling method. In the study, the main input parameters affecting the operation of the machine - the frequency of the crank rotation, the speed of wool supply and the number of rows of harrow piles - were evaluated using the central non-compositional experimental design method, the washing efficiency, the degree of wool entanglement and the effect on work productivity. Based on the experimental results, regression equations were constructed, their adequacy was checked using the Fisher criterion and the significance of the coefficients was checked using the Student criterion. As a result of the study, the optimal operating modes of the machine were determined, and the technological efficiency of the proposed design was substantiated.

 Urban public transport plays a pivotal role in supporting sustainable urban mobility and ensuring efficient transportation services amid rapid urbanization. Establishing scientifically validated…

 Urban public transport plays a pivotal role in supporting sustainable urban mobility and ensuring efficient transportation services amid rapid urbanization. Establishing scientifically validated technical and operational performance standards for public transport vehicles is essential for improving passenger safety, operational reliability, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and overall service quality. This study examines the theoretical and methodological principles underlying the development of these standards and proposes practical approaches for their implementation. The findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing vehicle performance indicators and enhancing the effectiveness of urban public transport systems under contemporary transportation demands.  

Geometry is conventionally founded upon an already available space, manifold, metric, topology, or differentiable structure. The present paper proposes that these structures are not logicall…

Geometry is conventionally founded upon an already available space, manifold, metric, topology, or differentiable structure. The present paper proposes that these structures are not logically primitive. The analysis may be carried one level further. Before distinguishable objects can be compared, they must arise as internally differentiated parts of a common domain. The present paper therefore begins from the hypothesis of a unique whole: not a set containing all sets, and not an object standing inside a larger external space, but the undivided relational totality relative to which “part”, “boundary”, and “complement” first become meaningful. If two alleged wholes were genuinely distinct, their distinction and mutual relation would belong to a more inclusive domain. They would therefore be parts of that domain ratherthan independent wholes. In this foundational sense, the whole is necessarily unique. The prior question is not “What geometry does a system possess?” but rather “Why can generated structures be compared at all?” We formulate the Generative Comparability Principle: geometry is a stable quantitative realization of a more primitive comparability structure, while comparability itself requires the generation of distinguishability and ordered difference. Two primitive operators are introduced: the self-delimitation operator 󰁥 L and the negation operator 󰁥 N. Their noncommutativity defines the primitive operator crack 󰁥 D:= [󰁥 L, 󰁥 N]. The operator crack is not itself assumed to be a distance or a phase. A representation-dependent readout maps it to a readable generative difference. In a local phase chart, one chooses a real-valued lift 󰁨Θ ∈ R of the circle-valued phase Θ ∈ R/2πZ. The local readable generative difference is then 󰁨 D= Δ + i󰁨Θ, where Δ ≥ 0 is an extent-like component. The associated exponential comparison kernel W = e−󰁨D = e−Δe−i󰁨 Θ is globally well-defined and independent of the choice of phase lift. Its modulus and argument recover the two readable components: Δ = −ln |W|, Θ = −Arg(W) (mod 2π). A central structural distinction governs the readable comparison data: when the extent and phase readout map has rank two (dΔ ∧ dΘ ∕= 0), the local readout image is a real two-dimensional surface admitting complex-valued coordinates; when the readout map has rank one (dΔ∧dΘ = 0), the two channels are locally functionally dependent, restricting the comparison data to a one-real-dimensional orbit. The special case of linear phase–extent locking (Θ = κΔ + Θ0) selects a logarithmic-spiral realization of the rank-one sector. For commuting additive generative differences, exponential composition converts addition into multiplication. For noncommuting operator cracks, ordered composition retains commutator corrections and thereby provides the algebraic seed of path dependence, connection, holonomy, and curvature. The paper does not claim to derive every metric, connection, symplectic form, or quantum geometric tensor from a single commutator. Rather, it identifies a pre-geometric architecture: Unique Whole =⇒ Internal Distinction =⇒ Generated Parts=⇒ Ordered Difference =⇒ Relation =⇒ Comparability=⇒󰀫Geometry,Symmetry,=⇒ Readout =⇒ Physics. The present framework also suggests a reversal of the usual geometric viewpoint. Primitive generation is not assumed to occur inside a pre-existing external spacetime. Rather, the external geometric arena is interpreted as a stable readout of internally generated relational organisation. In this sense, geometry is not the ontologically prior container of generation. It is the readable external manifestation of the internal relational structure of the unique whole.