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This record contains raw data related to article "Concordance Between Human and AI-Based clinical follow-up after Total Hip Arthroplasty for prioritizing outpatient services" Abstract PurposeTo evalua…

This record contains raw data related to article "Concordance Between Human and AI-Based clinical follow-up after Total Hip Arthroplasty for prioritizing outpatient services" Abstract PurposeTo evaluate concordance between human clinical grading and a multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) virtual follow-up model for prioritising outpatient follow-up after total hip arthroplasty (THA). MethodsThis concordance study compared human reference grading with AI model predictions in 603 THA follow-up cases. The AI system integrated radiographic deep-learning outputs with machine-learning branches based on clinical and comorbidity data. Agreement and classification performance were assessed using cross-tabulation, observed agreement, Cohen’s kappa, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, odds ratio, and AUC with 95% confidence intervals. ResultsHuman grading classified 583 cases as normal and 20 as abnormal, whereas the AI model classified 586 as normal and 17 as abnormal. Cross-tabulation showed 582 true negatives, 16 true positives, one false positive, and four false negatives, corresponding to five discordant cases. Observed agreement was 99.2%, and Cohen’s kappa was 0.86 (standard error 0.04; Z = 21.21; p < 0.001). Sensitivity was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 56.3–94.3), specificity was 99.8% (95% CI 99.0–100.0), positive predictive value was 94.1%, negative predictive value was 99.3%, and ROC area was 0.90. ConclusionThe AI-supported virtual follow-up model showed excellent concordance with human clinical follow-up and very high specificity in detecting abnormal cases. However, four false-negative cases indicate that the tool should support, rather than replace, clinician-led surveillance.

This infopack is about the installation of a new turbine at the King Plains wind farm (Oklahoma, USA), assessment of energy production, and verification that the loads do not exceed design limits.

Aphthous stomatitis is a recurrent inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa characterized by the development of painful erosive and ulcerative lesions. In children, recurrent aphthae may cause signific…

Aphthous stomatitis is a recurrent inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa characterized by the development of painful erosive and ulcerative lesions. In children, recurrent aphthae may cause significant discomfort, interfere with nutrition and speech, and reduce overall quality of life. The pathogenesis of aphthous stomatitis is multifactorial and includes genetic predisposition, local trauma, nutritional deficiency, microbial imbalance, psychological stress, gastrointestinal disorders, and immune dysfunction. Among these factors, secondary immunodeficiency has a particularly important role because it weakens both systemic and local defense mechanisms.

This review examines the integration of digital technologies into English for Specific Purposes instruction for engineering students. Analysis of recent research indicates that digital tools including…

This review examines the integration of digital technologies into English for Specific Purposes instruction for engineering students. Analysis of recent research indicates that digital tools including augmented reality, artificial intelligence applications, online collaborative platforms, and mobile learning applications significantly enhance technical vocabulary acquisition, professional communication skills, and learner autonomy. While digital technologies offer substantial pedagogical benefits, challenges including instructor readiness, infrastructure limitations, and the need for critical digital literacy require careful consideration. The review concludes that effective integration requires structured pedagogical frameworks that combine technological innovation with teacher guidance to maximize learning outcomes [1].. 

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain Background and Aims: In-centre haemodialysis (HD) represents approximately 70% of all kidney replacement th…

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain Background and Aims: In-centre haemodialysis (HD) represents approximately 70% of all kidney replacement therapy. This technique requires a large amount of resources such as water and electricity. In a previous study by our research group, it was observed that the factors influencing water and energy consumption include: the size of the facility (lower consumption per HD session in larger centres), operating schedules (lower consumption in centres that operate daily), choice of the water treatment plant, and seasonality (water usage tends to be higher during summer, whereas energy consumption is higher during the winter months). Optimising building infrastructure and management systems requires a deeper understanding of each factor’s combined impact on consumption levels. The aim of this study was to determine the weight of each factor influencing water and energy consumption within the environmental model, in order to understand how centre characteristics and the type of water treatment plant jointly influence a centre’s water and energy usage. Method: This study examined data from a 5-year multicentre follow-up of 20 HD centres across various geographic regions, focusing on water (L/HD session) and energy (kWh/HD session) consumption. The analysis considered several operational characteristics that were significantly influential in the univariate model of our previous study: centre size ( < 10,000 sessions per year for small facili- ties, and > 10,000 HD for larger ones), operating schedule (thrice-weekly or daily), type of commercial provider plant (anonymized as Type 1, 2 and 3), and water treatment plant disinfection methods (chemical disinfection or a combination of thermal and chemical disinfection). Seasonality was excluded from the analysis as it is not a modifiable factor. Multivariate analyses were performed to develop an environmental impact model based on contributing factors. The collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0.2.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 919,059 HD sessions were performed over 5 years at 20 geographically diverse HD centres. Over this duration, the combined water usage was 311,027.2 m3 , and energy consumption amounted to 7,155.8 MWh. The relationship between water and energy consumption and the organizational factors were evaluated in a linear regression analysis. The operating hours coeffi- cient had a significant independent effect on water and energy consumption per HD session ( P = 0.007 and P = 0.010, respectively), while the size of the facility only independently influenced water consumption per HD session ( P = 0.025 and P = 0.759, respectively) (Table 1 ). Adding water treatment plant type to the model resulted in Type 1 ( β = 230.6; standardized β = 0.51; P < 0.001) and Type 3 ( β = −131.9; standardized β = −0.34; P = 0.001) independently influencing water consumption per HD session, while Type 2 was not a predictor of the model ( P = 0.171). Plant Type 2 ( β = 6.3; standardized β = 0.40; P < 0.001) and Type 3 ( β = −4.1; standardized β = −0.31; P = 0.005) were independently associated with energy consumption per HD session, while Type 1 was not an independent predictor of the model ( P = 0.970). Conclusion: Centre size and operating days were found to be significant factors influencing water consumption, whereas the primary factor affecting energy consumption was the number of operating days. Additionally, the type of water treatment plant is a key factor in both water and energy consumption, meaning that the selection of the most sustainable commercial providers can optimise efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of HD. This study highlights the importance of HD centres assessing their environmental impact and establishing tailored benchmarks to guide sustainability efforts. Since it is not feasible to eliminate water and energy consumption in HD entirely, implementing targeted measures presents a promising approach to mitigating its environmental burden.

LEGAL REVIEW Cosialls Ubach, Andrés Miguel. “Jueces y funcionarios públicos bajo ocupación beligerante: el alcance del artículo 54 del IV CG.” Boletín CO…

LEGAL REVIEW Cosialls Ubach, Andrés Miguel. “Jueces y funcionarios públicos bajo ocupación beligerante: el alcance del artículo 54 del IV CG.” Boletín CODESEL, vol. 2, no. 10, August 2026, ISSN-e: 3045-7750. Review The administration of occupied territory poses one of the most persistent structural dilemmas of the law of belligerent occupation. An Occupying Power must preserve public order and ensure the functioning of essential institutions, yet it cannot treat temporary authority as sovereignty or transform the local administration into an instrument of its own political project. In this extensive and carefully constructed study, Andrés Miguel Cosialls Ubach examines this tension through Article 54 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, focusing specifically on the legal position of judges and public officials under occupation. The central thesis is clear: Article 54 does not establish absolute security of tenure, but neither does it grant the Occupying Power an unrestricted power of dismissal. Removal must remain functional, temporary and individualised, and must comply with necessity, proportionality, non-discrimination, reversibility and appropriate control. One of the article’s most important contributions lies in identifying Article 54 as a rule against what may be described as institutional capture. Judges, police officers, municipal authorities, civil registrars, technical personnel and other public servants constitute the institutional infrastructure through which everyday life continues during occupation. Their protection is therefore not merely a matter of individual employment status. The destruction or political appropriation of the local civil service may undermine the Occupying Power’s own obligation to maintain public life and protect the civilian population. Cosialls Ubach consequently places institutional continuity at the centre of the provision’s normative purpose. Particularly persuasive is the systematic interpretation of Article 54 alongside Article 43 of the Hague Regulations and Articles 47 and 64 of the Fourth Geneva Convention. The author rejects an isolated reading of the Occupying Power’s authority to remove public officials. Instead, the provision must be understood within a broader legal structure based upon the non-transfer of sovereignty, continuity of existing institutions and preservation of the pre-occupation legal order. The Occupying Power possesses effective authority because it controls the territory, but that factual authority does not extinguish the sovereignty of the displaced State or transform local officials into servants of the foreign power. This distinction between effective obedience and political allegiance represents one of the conceptual strengths of the article. Public officials may be required to comply with lawful administrative instructions necessary to preserve public life, while continuing to owe allegiance to the displaced sovereign. Cosialls Ubach formulates this intermediate legal position with considerable precision: occupation permits functional obedience without political adhesion and continuity of public service without a rupture of the pre-existing legal relationship with the occupied State. This interpretation gives practical meaning to Article 54’s prohibition on coercion and discrimination against officials who abstain from carrying out their functions for reasons of conscience. The article’s treatment of temporariness and reversibility is equally significant. Belligerent occupation is by definition provisional, even where it continues for a prolonged period. Measures affecting the administration must therefore remain capable, as far as possible, of subsequent revision by the restored sovereign. Temporary reassignment, suspension or interim appointments may satisfy this requirement, whereas the wholesale destruction of professional structures, permanent transfer of competences or mass replacement of personnel may predetermine the institutional future of the occupied State. The author convincingly demonstrates that personnel policy is therefore capable of producing effects far beyond individual employment decisions: it may alter the legal culture and administrative capacity of the State for decades. A further strength of the study is its reconstruction of the historical origins of Article 54. Cosialls Ubach recalls that the provision was not contained in the original ICRC draft and was introduced during the 1949 Diplomatic Conference at the suggestion of the Belgian delegation. Its emergence was closely connected with the European experience of occupation during the Second World War, when occupying authorities sought to pressure judges and officials into supporting their policies, abandoning loyalty to legitimate governments or performing functions incompatible with their previous institutional duties. The historical genealogy of the provision therefore confirms that Article 54 was designed not only to protect individuals from direct punishment but also to prevent administrative structures from being gradually converted into instruments of foreign political authority. Especially valuable is the author’s identification of the three complementary purposes underlying the rule. Article 54 performs an institutional function by preserving the continuity of administration and justice; a personal function by protecting office-holders against intimidation, coercion and retaliation; and a political-legal function by preventing the Occupying Power from using local institutions to simulate a transfer of sovereignty or legitimise the new authority. This tripartite construction provides a particularly useful analytical framework for understanding why the provision protects the status of officials while nevertheless permitting removal in certain circumstances. The discussion of the personal scope of Article 54 is similarly nuanced. Rather than adopting an excessively formal conception of “public official”, the study proposes a functional approach based upon the nature of the activity performed, the person’s integration into public structures and the responsibility exercised on behalf of the community. This allows the provision to encompass not only central government officials but also municipal personnel, civil registrars, tax officials, technical staff, public hospitals and schools, transport authorities, public undertakings and elected local officials where they exercise genuinely public functions. The analysis is especially relevant to contemporary administrations, where functions historically performed directly by the State may have been outsourced or entrusted to hybrid public entities. Judicial independence receives appropriately heightened protection within the article. Cosialls Ubach demonstrates that altering the “status” of a judge cannot be reduced to formal dismissal or reduction in rank. It may include changes to jurisdiction, disciplinary guarantees, access to files, security, promotion, working conditions or case allocation where these are designed to influence judicial decisions. Likewise, transfer to a nominal tribunal lacking genuine competence or the selective removal of sensitive cases may constitute an unlawful alteration of judicial status. This functional understanding significantly strengthens the protection offered by Article 54 and connects the law of occupation with the broader requirement of an independent administration of justice. The treatment of freedom of conscience constitutes another of the article’s most original elements. The author rejects a narrow understanding confined to religious or philosophical belief. Reasons of conscience may arise from professional ethics, fidelity to the constitutional order, refusal to participate in violations of humanitarian law or objection to exercising public powers in the name of a foreign authority. Importantly, the protected response need not always consist of complete resignation. It may also involve refusal to perform a particular act, recusal from a specific matter or transfer to neutral functions. The author therefore proposes a graduated approach in which permanent removal should be reserved for situations where the objection substantially prevents performance of the office and no less restrictive alternative remains available. This interpretation is complemented by a careful distinction between remaining in public office and being required to perform limited forms of compulsory work under Article 51. An official may resign from a position whose institutional significance creates an unacceptable conflict of conscience and yet remain liable, under strictly defined conditions, to perform a necessary technical task for the benefit of the population. The example of an engineer responsible for essential sanitation infrastructure illustrates the point effectively. By contrast, judicial decision-making cannot simply be requisitioned as compulsory labour because adjudication necessarily depends upon independence and conscience. The power of removal is consequently subjected to a demanding legal framework. Cosialls Ubach argues that dismissal cannot be treated as an attribute of sovereign discretion. It requires legitimate purpose, necessity, individual assessment, proportionality, temporariness, procedural safeguards and consideration of the effects upon institutional continuity. Particularly important is the procedural dimension: notification of reasons, the possibility of responding, preservation of records and some form of independent review become essential safeguards against arbitrary or politically motivated dismissals. Before removing large numbers of officials, the Occupying Power must also evaluate whether the services for which it remains responsible can continue functioning. The article is also notable for recognising that discrimination and coercion frequently operate through indirect administrative techniques rather than explicit criminal punishment. Loss of promotion opportunities, denial of housing, pension restrictions, adverse security classifications or discriminatory transfers may function as concealed reprisals against officials who invoke conscience or refuse political collaboration. This broader perspective is indispensable to an effective reading of Article 54, since institutional capture can occur incrementally through employment decisions that appear neutral when examined individually. A further important contribution is the connection established between violations of Article 54 and broader questions of international responsibility. The author notes that the provision does not itself transform every unlawful dismissal into an international crime. Nevertheless, systematic persecution of judges or public officials on political, national, ethnic or religious grounds may contribute to crimes against humanity where the relevant contextual elements are present. Arbitrary detention, deportation or disappearance of members of the judiciary may also generate individual criminal responsibility, while mass dismissals can constitute evidence of unlawful institutional transformation or de facto annexation. The analysis is particularly effective in demonstrating why collective purges are difficult to reconcile with the underlying logic of occupation law. An Occupying Power may legitimately remove an individual who presents a concrete security risk, has participated in serious crimes or cannot perform the required function. What Article 54 resists is the conversion of such individualised powers into categorical exclusion based upon previous affiliation, nationality, political identity or mere membership in the former administration. Institutional reform therefore does not eliminate the obligation to preserve local capacity or dispense with individual assessment. The visual dimension of the article reinforces this argument particularly well. Images of Iraqi judges, police officers, health personnel, engineers and public infrastructure demonstrate that administration under occupation is not an abstract bureaucratic concern. The photograph of Chief Investigative Judge Ra’id Juhi emphasises the particular vulnerability of judicial independence, while the images of Iraqi police and technical personnel illustrate how maintaining local institutional capacity is inseparable from the Occupying Power’s obligation to preserve public life. Methodologically, the article combines close treaty interpretation, the ICRC Commentary, leading contemporary scholarship on occupation law and the practical consequences of institutional decision-making. Its principal merit lies in moving beyond a literal reading of the final sentence of Article 54 and reconstructing the provision as part of the internal logic of the law of occupation. The resulting framework is both doctrinally coherent and operationally useful. From a broader perspective, the study contributes to one of the central debates surrounding modern occupations: how far an Occupying Power may reform dysfunctional or abusive institutions without crossing the line from temporary administration into sovereign transformation. Cosialls Ubach does not argue for institutional immobility. Necessary reforms remain possible, particularly where required to protect fundamental rights or ensure essential services, but they must satisfy a cumulative test based upon genuine necessity, connection with the occupier’s legal obligations, proportionality, temporariness, minimal alteration and benefit to the population. Overall, this article constitutes a substantial contribution to the contemporary law of belligerent occupation. Andrés Miguel Cosialls Ubach convincingly demonstrates that Article 54 of the Fourth Geneva Convention should be understood as a mechanism for preserving institutional continuity without permitting institutional appropriation. Its underlying logic can be summarised through four particularly effective propositions developed in the conclusion: continuity without appropriation, legal obedience without political allegiance, replacement without punishment, and reform without sovereign transformation. This functional and protective interpretation offers a coherent framework for reconciling administrative necessity, judicial independence, individual conscience and the provisional character of occupation. Abstract This review examines Andrés Miguel Cosialls Ubach’s analysis of Article 54 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and the legal status of judges and public officials under belligerent occupation. The article argues that the provision neither guarantees absolute security of tenure nor grants the Occupying Power unrestricted authority to dismiss local officials. Instead, removal must be understood as a functional and exceptional power subject to necessity, proportionality, individual assessment, non-discrimination, temporariness, reversibility and procedural control. Through a systematic interpretation of Article 54 alongside Article 43 of the Hague Regulations and Articles 47, 51 and 64 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, the study develops a broader theory of institutional continuity under occupation. Particular attention is devoted to judicial independence, freedom of conscience, compulsory labour, loyalty to the displaced sovereign, public-service continuity and the prohibition of politically motivated institutional transformation. The article concludes that the law of occupation requires continuity without appropriation, legal obedience without political allegiance, replacement without punishment and reform without sovereign transformation.

This supplementary material presents the Voices of Migration questionnaire, a narrative-based psychographic instrument designed to explore the experiences, identity, perceived inclusion, and future as…

This supplementary material presents the Voices of Migration questionnaire, a narrative-based psychographic instrument designed to explore the experiences, identity, perceived inclusion, and future aspirations of adult migrants in intercultural and socio-educational contexts. It includes the original and content-validated versions of the questionnaire, the item-to-dimension mapping, the profiles of the expert panel, and an audit trail documenting the revisions made during the content validation process. Organised into five dimensions and composed primarily of open-ended biographical prompts, the instrument was validated through a mixed panel of academic and situated-knowledge experts using content validity indices (CVR/CVI) and qualitative thematic analysis. It is made available to support future research and practice with migrant populations.

Upload for peer review - data and code for the study "Segmentation and profile-based classification of movement strategies from animal tracking data"

Abstract : Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of the key oilseed crops worldwide, serving as a vital source of edible oil, livestock feed, and biofuel. In Afghanistan, canola production faces significa…

Abstract : Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of the key oilseed crops worldwide, serving as a vital source of edible oil, livestock feed, and biofuel. In Afghanistan, canola production faces significant challenges due to declining soil fertility and over-reliance on expensive chemical fertilizers. Poultry manure, as a low cost and nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, offers a sustainable alternative for improving crop productivity. However, limited scientific information is available regarding the optimal poultry manure application rate for canola under Kabul’s agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, an experimental research was conducted at Kabul University Agricultural Research Farm during the 2025 cropping season using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments. The study aimed to evaluate Effects of Different Levels of Poultry manure on Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Canola. The findings of the study revealed that the application of poultry manure significantly influenced on growth, yield and yield components of canola. Overall, the application of 8-ton poultry manure ha-1 had better performance than control. The maximum plant height (117.45 cm), number of branches plant-1 (5.65), number of leaves plant-1 (39.77), number of siliques plant-1 (184.61), silique length (6.01 cm), number of seeds silique-1 (18.39), thousand seed weight (3.40 g), seed yield (2.74 t ha⁻¹), biological yield (9.87 t ha⁻¹), and harvest index (27.76%) were all recorded in T4. The lowest values for all parameters were observed in the control treatment (T1). It is recommended that use 8 tons of poultry manure ha-1 in order to realize optimal seed yield and biological yield of the crop.

Background: A major concern in public health, iron deficiency anemia affects the world's neonates, babies, and young children more than any other nutritional condition. Early-life populations are more…

Background: A major concern in public health, iron deficiency anemia affects the world's neonates, babies, and young children more than any other nutritional condition. Early-life populations are more vulnerable to iron deficiency due to their fast growth and elevated iron needs and can have significant impacts on physical growth, neurodevelopment and immune function. Clinical Significance: Untreated IDA is linked with poor cognitive functioning, delayed psychomotor development, behavioral disorders, increased susceptibility to infection, and diminished quality of life. It is therefore crucial to recognise and respond to a child's needs at an early stage to avoid permanent damage to their development. Epidemiology: IDA is a global problem affecting children to a greater extent than in middle- and low-income nations like India, with maternal anaemia, malnutrition, prematurity, low birth weight and poor complementary feeding as significant drivers of IDA. Public health efforts have had a long-term impact on IDA, but the disease continues to have a significant negative effect on health and social outcomes. Advances in Diagnosis: The diagnosis has shifted from classical hematological to biochemical and molecular diagnostics. New indicators of iron metabolism (such as soluble transferrin receptor, reticulocyte hemoglobin concentration, and hepcidin) complement traditional blood tests, peripheral blood smears, serum ferritin, and iron profiles, artificial intelligence (AI) based analysis, digital microscopy, and new point-of-care (POC) technologies have improved diagnosis accuracy and early detection. Hematological Characteristics: IDA is defined by reduced hemoglobin concentration, microcytosis, hypochromia, increased red cell distribution width, decreased serum ferritin and impaired erythropoiesis, representing progressive loss of body iron stores. Current Management and Future Directions: Management involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation, maternal nutrition optimisation, delayed cord clamping, diet modification, food fortification, and following international clinical guidelines. Future studies should seek to confirm new biomarkers, use AI in laboratory diagnosis, expand national screening programmes and promote the development of inexpensive precision diagnostic technologies to enhance early diagnosis and the outcome of children.