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Agroecological knowledge sources among smallholder farmers in Busia and Siaya counties, western Kenya, 2024-public use file This dataset records where smallholder farmers in western Kenya actually obt…

Agroecological knowledge sources among smallholder farmers in Busia and Siaya counties, western Kenya, 2024-public use file This dataset records where smallholder farmers in western Kenya actually obtain agroecological knowledge and how those sources combine into individual information repertoires. It supports the article Supplements, not entry points: the stratification of agroecological knowledge access among smallholder farmers in western Kenya. Study design. Structured household interviews were conducted with 386 smallholder farmers in Busia (n = 176) and Siaya (n = 210) counties, western Kenya, between September and October 2024. Three sub-counties were covered in each county and two wards in each sub-county: Nambale, Butula and Teso South in Busia; Bondo, Rarieda and Ugunja in Siaya. Farmers were purposively recruited from county-supported agroecology projects. Interviews were administered on KoboToolbox tablets by trained enumerators. Both counties fall within the Lake Victoria basin and are dominated by small-scale mixed crop–livestock farming. Contents. One Excel workbook with three sheets: READ_ME (provenance and full disclosure-control log), Data (386 records × 365 variables), and Data_Dictionary (variable type, coverage, and notes for every column). Multiple-response questions appear as a combined text column plus one binary indicator per option. Variable groups cover sources of agroecological knowledge across eleven channels; topics sought; media used; preferred learning modalities; formal training received; perceived quality, relevance, and comprehensiveness of information; barriers to access; agroecological practices implemented; preferences for a digital advisory tool; farm characteristics, land tenure, cropping and tillage systems, soil and moisture management, livestock management, crop–livestock synergies, residue recycling, and produce marketing; and household demographics. De-identification. This is a public use file derived from an internal research file that is not published. Direct and indirect identifiers were removed: the field sample code, interview date and duration, GPS coordinates, altitude, and exact land size in four variables. Ward is replaced by an arbitrary cluster identifier so that cluster-robust standard errors remain reproducible; the cluster-to-ward mapping is withheld. Age was collapsed to two bands and farm size to three top-coded bands. Local suppression was then applied so that every record lies in an equivalence class of at least five records on the key of county, sex, age band, education, and farm size band. Suppressed values are marked "Not reported" and are missing by design, not non-response. Free-text fields were screened for names, telephone numbers, and e-mail addresses; none were present. Full details are in the READ_ME sheet. Reproducibility. Channel prevalence and county comparisons, the repertoire structure and sole-source analysis, the latent class model and the preference–provision analysis all reproduce exactly from this file. Because exact land size is released only in bands and education is suppressed for 8% of records, the regression coefficients reproduce approximately the following: effect sizes are essentially unchanged, but two coefficients reported as marginal in the article fall just below conventional significance here. Analysis code is deposited alongside the data. Ethics. Approved by the University of Eldoret; research authorization from NACOSTI, Licence No. NACOSTI/P/24/39785; administrative permission from the County Governments of Busia and Siaya. Consent was verbal, an approved procedure for this minimal-risk paperless survey, and was recorded electronically in a mandatory field before any interview data could be collected. Conditions of use. Users must not attempt to re-identify any respondent or household and must not link this file to other datasets for that purpose. Some residual risk is inherent to open survey microdata with this many variables and is not eliminated by the treatment described above. Funding. Flemish Interuniversity Council - University Development Cooperation (VLIR-UOS), Project No. KE2022TEA516A101. Related article. Bisase L, Ariya G, Maina F, Otinga A. Supplements, not entry points: the stratification of agroecological knowledge access among smallholder farmers in western Kenya. Discover Agriculture. 

Molecular Dynamics Data for D-Amino Acid [Arg¹⁴ Lys¹⁵]N/OFQ(1–15)-NH₂ analogues Each folder contains the molecular dynamics topologies and trajectories (MD_Traj), as well as all input …

Molecular Dynamics Data for D-Amino Acid [Arg¹⁴ Lys¹⁵]N/OFQ(1–15)-NH₂ analogues Each folder contains the molecular dynamics topologies and trajectories (MD_Traj), as well as all input files and scripts required to reproduce the simulations (MD_Input). Reference: FGGFTGARKSARKRK-NH₂ 1a: FGGFTGARKSARKRk-NH₂ 1b: FGGFTGARKSARKrk-NH₂ 1c: FGGFTGARKSARkrk-NH₂ 1d: FGGFTGARKSArkrk-NH₂ 1e: FGGFTGARKSarkrk-NH₂ 1f: FGGFTGARKsarkrk-NH₂ 1g: FGGFTGARksarkrk-NH₂ 1h: FGGFTGArksarkrk-NH₂ 1i: FGGFTGarksarkrk-NH₂ This material is related to the following publication: Design of New Potent, Selective, and Long-Acting NOP Receptor Agonists through Multiple Sequential d-Amino Acid Substitutions of [Arg14 Lys15]N/OFQ(1–15)-NH2 Chiara Sturaro#, Alessandra Rizzo#, Erika Morrone, Erika Marzola, Pietro Pola, Alessia Frezza, Michela Argentieri, Federica Agosta, Antonella Ciancetta, Delia Preti, Salvatore Pacifico, Valentina Albanese, Giulio Meneguzzo, Davide Malfacini, Chiara Ruzza*, Girolamo Calò, and Remo Guerrini Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2026); DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01281 

Traditional physics and classical intuition rely heavily on the concept of unilateral, linear causality, in which causes strictly precede their effects in time. However, deep conceptual challenges ari…

Traditional physics and classical intuition rely heavily on the concept of unilateral, linear causality, in which causes strictly precede their effects in time. However, deep conceptual challenges arising from quantum mechanics, general relativity, and modern theories of quantum gravity indicate severe limitations of this one-way temporal causal chain at the fundamental level. This paper proposes an alternative physical paradigm: causality is not a localized process evolving unidirectionally along a fixed time axis, but rather a synchronic network jointly determined by the holistic physical structure, global boundary conditions, and topological-geometric features of the system. By analyzing delayed-choice experiments, quantum entanglement, action principles in classical and quantum field theories, and closed timelike curves in general relativity, we formulate a mathematical framework for "holistic structural causality" that operates independently of a unidirectional arrow of time. This framework demonstrates that the forward flow of time is merely an emergent thermodynamic property at the macroscopic scale. At the fundamental level, global phase-space constraints dictate the co-existence and mutual relations of events. This paradigm offers new perspectives for resolving the quantum measurement problem and the time-symmetry paradox, while unlocking valuable theoretical potential for modern cosmology and quantum gravity.

This article examines how foreign higher education management practices can inform the improvement of institutional governance in Uzbekistan. The study applies a comparative and analytical approach to…

This article examines how foreign higher education management practices can inform the improvement of institutional governance in Uzbekistan. The study applies a comparative and analytical approach to management models used in Germany, England, the United States, and other developed systems, with particular attention to institutional autonomy, strategic planning, quality assurance, financial diversification, staff development, and international cooperation. The analysis shows that effective university management depends on a balanced combination of state regulation, internal self-governance, transparent accountability, and continuous monitoring of educational outcomes. The findings also indicate that rigid administrative structures limit institutional flexibility, whereas hybrid management models allow universities to respond more effectively to labor-market demands, technological change, and global competition. Based on the comparative evidence, the article proposes strengthening strategic leadership, expanding financial autonomy, introducing modern quality-management mechanisms, developing the professional competence of academic and administrative staff, and improving external and internal evaluation systems. It concludes that a hybrid management model adapted to national conditions can enhance the competitiveness, sustainability, and educational quality of higher education institutions in Uzbekistan.

Summary HTSeq gene count matrix (htseq_counts_small_molecules_psatha_2017.txt.gz) and sample information (sample_info_small_molecules_psatha_2017.txt). Samples are CD34+ HSPC healthy donor derived pop…

Summary HTSeq gene count matrix (htseq_counts_small_molecules_psatha_2017.txt.gz) and sample information (sample_info_small_molecules_psatha_2017.txt). Samples are CD34+ HSPC healthy donor derived populations sorted by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD38 and CD90 markers. Each population is treated with one or the combination of the following chemical small molecules (UM171, SR1, LY) and DMSO was used as vehicle control. Sample Info column information AG: Sample name Kit: RNAseq library kit SampleTaxonomy: taxonomic classification of samples (human CD34+ cells) Treatment: Small molecule treatment (UM171SL: UM171 + SR1 + LY; SR1LY: SR1 + LY) Population: FACS sorted population Day: Number of days treated Materials and Methods For the transcriptomic analysis, total RNA was collected using the mirVana RNA isolation kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) or RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) from sorted and bulk cultured cells (>20,000 cells). Illumina libraries were constructed using the TruSeq RNA Library Prep Kit v2 (Illumina) and samples were sequenced on HiSeq 4000 (Illumina) with 36 base paired-end read length. Adaptor trimming and paired alignment was performed using TopHat2 (2.0.13). Gene counts from sequencing reads were calculated using htseq-count. Differential expression analysis was performed in R (3.4.1 release) using the package DESeq2, and gene set enrichment analysis was performed with Enrichr available at (http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Enrichr/). The loadings PCA was generated by applying Principal Component Analysis on the centered log-transformed expression values of the top 1000 genes ranked by their coefficient of variation as returned by DESeq2 default function. The rotation of each vector represents the eucledian distance between each treatment. The gene clusters result from K-means clustering after 1000 iterations of the aformentioned 1000 most variable genes and the number of clusters (K = 5) was empirically estimated by the number low-order branches of a hierarchical clustering tree. Differential expression was called upon change (positive or negative) above 1.5-fold (0.58 log2-fold) and significance below 0.05 of the FDR adjusted p-values. Pathway maps were generated using GAGE7 with annotations retrieved from KEGG pathway database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html).

In standard physical paradigms, symmetries are traditionally viewed as fundamental first principles, while symmetry breaking is interpreted as a secondary phenomenon or a localized state occurring at …

In standard physical paradigms, symmetries are traditionally viewed as fundamental first principles, while symmetry breaking is interpreted as a secondary phenomenon or a localized state occurring at specific energy scales. However, this foundational framework may inherently constrain our understanding of microscopic physics. This paper proposes a novel framework: the true fundamental state of the Universe is intrinsically asymmetric, whereas observable continuous and discrete symmetries are mere low-energy emergent approximations resulting from coarse-graining and renormalization group flows.   Without relying on spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanisms or hand-tuned potential parameters, this study formulates a inherently asymmetric action and demonstrates how exact symmetries emerge at infrared limits. Under this paradigm, particle mass naturally arises as a co-variant damping effect when quantum fields interact with the asymmetric background texture, alleviating the hierarchy problem. Furthermore, baryon asymmetry, the cosmological constant, and dimensionless physical constants receive intuitive explanations as statistical local manifestations of microscopic asymmetries. This framework resolves deep-seated divergences in quantum field theory without fine-tuning and offers a potential path toward reconciling quantum mechanics with general relativity.

Abstract The empowerment of women during the Emergency period (1975–1977) in India is a complex and somewhat paradoxical topic. While the Emergency declared by Indira Gandhi is often criticized…

Abstract The empowerment of women during the Emergency period (1975–1977) in India is a complex and somewhat paradoxical topic. While the Emergency declared by Indira Gandhi is often criticized for suppressing democratic rights, it also witnessed certain developments that indirectly contributed to women’s empowerment. 1. Political Context and Women’s Role During the Emergency, political activities were heavily controlled. Many leaders and activists were arrested, including women. However, this period also brought visibility to women in politics:Women leaders became more active in resistance movements.Some women participated in secretive political activities.It highlighted women’s courage and political awareness. Social Reforms and Government InitiativesThe government introduced programs under the 20-Point Programme, which aimed at poverty reduction and social justice:Focus was on education and literacy, which benefited women.Efforts to reduce dowry practices and improve women’s status.Increased attention to family planning, though sometimes implemented persuasively. These reforms aimed at improving women’s living conditions, especially in rural areas.  Growth of Awareness and Feminist Movements