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Maqolada islom sivilizatsiyasining eng keng tarqalgan antroponimlaridan biri - "Ali" ismining etimologik ildizlari, semantik taraqqiyoti va diniy-falsafiy talqinlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ismnin…

Maqolada islom sivilizatsiyasining eng keng tarqalgan antroponimlaridan biri - "Ali" ismining etimologik ildizlari, semantik taraqqiyoti va diniy-falsafiy talqinlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ismning arab tilidagi a-l-v o'zagi bilan aloqasi, uning ilohiy sifat (al-Aliyy) maqomidagi o'rni, Ali ibn Abu Tolib shaxsiyati orqali kechgan sakrallashuv jarayoni, tasavvuf falsafasi va futuvvat an'anasidagi ramziy talqinlari hamda Movarounnahr va turkiy xalqlar onomastikasidagi in'ikosi ko'rib chiqiladi. Muallif "Ali" antroponimini shunchaki nominativ birlik emas, balki islom madaniy kodini ixcham shaklda saqlovchi semiotik belgi sifatida talqin qiladi.

Simulations underlying the third installment of CarbonPlan's modeling bytes series. See the accompanying Github repository here. 

NumericalEarth v0.8.1 Diff since v0.8.0 Merged pull requests: ETH canopy height → aerodynamic roughness, and as the DSM bare-earth object height (#416) (@xkykai) Fix the state exchanger's θˡⁱ and moi…

NumericalEarth v0.8.1 Diff since v0.8.0 Merged pull requests: ETH canopy height → aerodynamic roughness, and as the DSM bare-earth object height (#416) (@xkykai) Fix the state exchanger's θˡⁱ and moisture handoff to the nested child (#604) (@ewquon) Generalize VariablySaturatedHydrology to a layered soil column (#645) (@xkykai) Diagnose 10 m wind and 2 m temperature and humidity from the solved MOST scales (#701) (@ewquon) (0.8.1) Read surface_radiation on the Breeze radiative transfer model (#703) (@ewquon) Initialize the nested child's u, v at their own faces (#706) (@ewquon) Fix CI / accept the extra set! arguments Oceananigans 0.113.2 passes (#707) (@ewquon) Closed issues: Diagnostic surface-layer quantities (10 m wind, 2 m temperature/humidity) by evaluating the MOST profile from the solved scales (#487) State exchanger writes qᵛ instead of qᵉ, and forms θˡⁱ by a definition Breeze does not invert (#560)

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy texnologiyalar rivoji natijasida shakllanayotgan virtual dunyo va uning inson hayotidagi o‘rni falsafiy nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli texnologiyalar, ijtimoi…

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy texnologiyalar rivoji natijasida shakllanayotgan virtual dunyo va uning inson hayotidagi o‘rni falsafiy nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli texnologiyalar, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar, virtual muloqot va virtual makon insonning o‘zini namoyon etishi, boshqalar bilan munosabatga kirishishi hamda borliqni idrok etish usullarini o‘zgartirmoqda. Maqolada virtual va real hayot o‘rtasidagi farqlar, inson identifikatsiyasi, ijtimoiy munosabatlar, erkinlik va mas’uliyat masalalari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, virtual muhitni inson mavjudligining yangi shakli sifatida baholash imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Beyond income, the effectiveness of Scheduled Caste (SC) reservation policy can be judged by whether it improves the everyday material and social conditions of beneficiary households   what …

Beyond income, the effectiveness of Scheduled Caste (SC) reservation policy can be judged by whether it improves the everyday material and social conditions of beneficiary households   what they consume, how educated and healthy they are, and how they earn their living. This paper uses a primary survey of 417 SC reservation-beneficiary households across four districts of Bihar (Patna, Gaya, Muzaffarpur and Samastipur) to compare consumption expenditure, educational attainment and spending, health awareness and medical expenditure, and livelihood strategy before and after households availed reservation benefits. Paired samples t-tests show statistically significant increases in monthly food expenditure (mean difference ₹4,613.67; t = −40.849, p < .001), clothing expenditure (mean difference ₹3,553.23; t = −31.710, p < .001), monthly education expenditure (mean difference ₹4,459.23; t = −72.820, p < .001), and annual per-capita medical expenditure (mean difference ₹7,966.43; t = −40.045, p < .001). Educational attainment shifted from 89.4 per cent "literate without formal schooling" to 47.0 per cent completing higher secondary education and 38.4 per cent graduating, regular medical check-ups rose from 0 to 100 per cent of households, and livelihood strategy shifted from 82.0 per cent casual agricultural labour and complete landlessness to 100 per cent regular salaried employment and land ownership among 93.0 per cent of households. All four null hypotheses tested are rejected, confirming that reservation has produced broad based, statistically significant improvements in the consumption, education, health, and livelihood dimensions of SC well-being in Bihar, even as disparities in the pace and depth of these gains persist.  

Politeness is an important pragmatic phenomenon that regulates interpersonal relationships and contributes to the effectiveness of communication. In contemporary English-language media discourse, poli…

Politeness is an important pragmatic phenomenon that regulates interpersonal relationships and contributes to the effectiveness of communication. In contemporary English-language media discourse, politeness strategies are used not only to maintain harmonious interaction but also to express attitudes, manage interpersonal relations, reduce the potential face-threatening effect of utterances, and influence the audience’s interpretation of information. This paper examines the expression of politeness strategies in English media texts from a pragmalinguistic perspective. Particular attention is paid to positive and negative politeness strategies, indirectness, mitigation, hedging, forms of address, appreciation, and expressions of agreement and disagreement. The analysis demonstrates that media texts provide linguistically and pragmatically rich material for identifying how politeness is constructed in authentic communicative contexts. The study also highlights the pedagogical potential of English media texts for developing learners’ pragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence.

This is the proofs and details of the paper entitled Digital Price Disclosure and Sustainable Service Operations: When Should Firms Offer Drip Pricing?

Colony losses caused by honeybee swarming remain a major operational chal- lenge because departure occurs within minutes, although acoustic changes begin tens of minutes earlier and could allow timely…

Colony losses caused by honeybee swarming remain a major operational chal- lenge because departure occurs within minutes, although acoustic changes begin tens of minutes earlier and could allow timely intervention if detected reliably. Current detection systems miss this window because the circadian rhythm of in- dividual hive acoustics is not modelled, making it impossible to separate genuine pre-swarming drift from normal day-to-night spectral variation. Recursive least squares is used to estimate a colony-specific circadian baseline, Mahalanobis distance scoring is applied to quantify deviations, and Bayesian online change- point detection (BOCPD) accumulates Bayesian evidence of a regime shift, with a threshold derived from warmup data guaranteeing a controlled false alarm rate without labelled recordings and regardless of bee race, season, or micro- phone placement. A controlled simulation was used for evaluation, yielding 3.5× higher precision than the best label-free baseline, swarm anticipation ex- ceeding 25 minutes before departure, and a false alarm rate held at the nominal 5% target. The low per-frame cost and memory footprint make this algorithm deployable on resource-constrained embedded devices, enabling continuous au- tonomous hive monitoring without expert supervision.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem that affects soil fertility and microbial activity. Soil microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and …

Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem that affects soil fertility and microbial activity. Soil microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and ecosystem stability. This study examines the effects of heavy metals on soil microbial communities and biochemical processes. The findings indicate that cadmium, lead, mercury, and chromium reduce microbial biomass, inhibit enzyme activity, and disturb nitrogen and carbon cycles.